NR 511 Differential Diagnosis and Primary Care- Mid Term Review (Latest 2025/ 2026 Update)Questions And Answers | Rated 100% Correct!!

QUESTION What is the sensitivity of the Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) for detecting prostate cancer? # men with prostate cancer # men with positive PSA 160 # men with negative PSA 40 total 200 Correct Answer: 160/200. Sensitivity is the proportion of patients with the disease that have a positive result; it is the number of true positives divided by the total number of patients who have the disease. pg. 2 QUESTION A diagnostic test is used in a sample of 1000 patients. 500 of these patients have the disease, while 500 do not. Of those 500 patients without the disease, 30 test positive, and 470 test negative. What is the specificity of the test? Correct Answer: 470/500. Specificity is the proportion of patients who test negative out of the total number of patients who do not have the disease; it is the number of true negatives overall negatives. In this example, 500/1000 patients have the disease. Of those 500 patients without the disease, 30 test positive, and 470 test negative. QUESTION The Positive Predictive Value (PPV) of a test refers to which of the following? Correct Answer: The proportion of patients with a positive test who have the disease. QUESTION Which of the following depends on the prevalence of the disease? Correct Answer: Positive predictive value. Predictive values depend on the prevalence of disease in the population whereas sensitivity and pg. 3 specificity are intrinsic properties of the test. Reliability refers to the consistency or stability of a measure. QUESTION A low pretest probability of disease may lead to which of the following? Correct Answer: Low positive predictive value and more false-positive results. Positive predictive value increases with prevalence; therefore, a low prevalence value yields a low positive predictive value and implies a high false-positive rate. Negative predictive value decreases with prevalence, and sensitivity and specificity do not vary with prevalence. QUESTION If you strongly suspect that a patient is positive for a specific condition but tests negative, the negative result may be: Correct Answer: False-negative test results due to a low negative predictive value. At the individual level, your clinical suspicion is equivalent to pre-test probability and high prevalence at the population level. Negative predictive value is inversely correlated with prevalence; therefore, your clinical suspicion translates to a low negative predictive value, suggesting a false-negative test result. QUESTION pg. 4 Which test(s) provide data relevant to the chief complaint: Fever Correct Answer: CBC Check CBC with differential for neutrophil shift in suspected infection QUESTION Which test(s) provide data relevant to the chief complaint: Unexplained bruising Correct Answer: CBC Check platelet count QUESTION Which test(s) provide data relevant to the chief complaint: Fatigue Correct Answer: Both CBC and CMP Check RBC, Hgb and Hct for anemia, CMP for potential liver or kidney abnormalities QUESTION Which test(s) provide data relevant to the chief complaint: Cardiac dysrhythmias pg. 5 Correct Answer: CMP Monitor electrolytes for abnormalities QUESTION Which test(s) provide data relevant to the chief complaint: Unexplained weight loss Correct Answer: Both CBC and CMP Check WBC for inflammation or possible cancer, CMP for glucose, liver or kidney abnormalities QUESTION Which test(s) provide data relevant to the chief complaint: Edema Correct Answer: CMP Check for kidney function What is SNAPPS? Summarize the history and findings Narrow the differential diagnosis to two or three possibilities Analyze the differential by comparing and contrasting the possibilities pg. 6 Probe the preceptor by asking questions about alternative approaches or uncertainties Plan the management of the client’s health issues Select an issue from the case for self-directed learning a 13 year old presents to the clinic complaining of severe left side sore throat and pain with swallowing for 1 day. upon exam, the patient appears uncomfortable and febrile. Cervical adenopathy is present on left side, difficulty opening and closing mouth. What should you do? Refer to the ER a 37 year old female presents for her annual visit. She mentions that her 13 year old daughter has had to recent infestions of lice. She asks what she can do to prevent this? After 2 days of no head lice, her bedding is lice free Which of the following is the appropriate treatment for giardia . Your client, a 72-year-old smoker of 50 years, is at the office today for a routine physical. During your inspection of the oral mucosa, you discover a white lesion on the lateral surface of the tongue that you suspect to be cancerous. You document your finding as: A white, painless, firm, ulcerated lesion with indurated borders Maryann, age 28, presents to the clinic because of a rapid onset of patchy hair loss. The skin within these oval patches of hair loss is very smooth. Tapered hairs that resemble exclamation points are seen at the margin of a patch of hair loss. Based on these findings, you suspect Maryann has: Alopecia areata The findings are consistent with alopecia areata, ie, nonscarring hair loss of rapid onset, the pattern of which is most commonly sharply defined round or oval patches. Which of the following is not a complication of group a strep pg. 7 hemolytic anemia glomerular nephritis Which of the following is an example of conductive hearing loss? Serous OM Medical coding is the process of submitting and following up on claims made to the payer in order Coding is done in order to process demographic, insurance, ... number as shown on insured's ID card for the payer to whom the claim is being submitted. Tom, age 50, is complaining of an itchy rash that occurred about a half hour after putting on his leather jacket. He recalls having a slightly similar rash last year when he wore his jacket. The annular lesions are on his neck and both arms. They are erythematous, sharply circumscribed, and both flat and elevated. His voice seems a little raspy, although he states that his breathing is normal. What is your first action? Determine the need for 0.5 mL 1:1000 epinephrine subcutaneously. Which of the following is a non systemic non scarring cause of alopecia alopecia areata a clinician diagnoses an 18 year old female with extensive poison ivy on the face, neck and eye, what are the best treatment options? corticosteroids antihistamine prednisone WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING PATIENTS SHOULD BE R