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2 examples of sampling errors - CORRECT ANSWER: Random sampling error,
undercoverage
3 examples of nonsampling errors - CORRECT ANSWER: Nonresponse, response
(wrong) error, question wording, data entry error
Bias
Reliability
Validity - CORRECT ANSWER: Bias - consistently measures +/- a number,
Reliability - does not consistently measure
Validity - whether it actually measures what it purports to measure
census - CORRECT ANSWER: an attempt to survey all of the population
confidence interval quick method - CORRECT ANSWER: Adding and subtracting the
margin of error to the sample proportion
How do we improve sampling method that yields too much variation in the resulting
statistics? - CORRECT ANSWER: Take a larger sample.
How do you improve a biased sampling method? - CORRECT ANSWER: Take a
random sample of the population of interest, take a larger sample - do not use the same
sampling method.
, margin of error formula - CORRECT ANSWER: 1/square root of n, n = whole of sample
population - CORRECT ANSWER: all of the people of interest in a study
random sampling error - CORRECT ANSWER: the error that occurs when we estimate
a population characteristic by looking at only one portion of the population rather than
the entire population
sample - CORRECT ANSWER: some of the individuals of interest
sample survey - CORRECT ANSWER: some of the individuals of interest are surveyed
to get information about all of the individuals, aka the population
Simple random sample vs stratified sample? - CORRECT ANSWER: Simple random
means all members of a population have an equal chance of being selected.
Stratified divides the population into distinct groups (girls vs boys) and then takes
random samples from there.
statistic vs. parameter - CORRECT ANSWER: Statistic: the percentage of the sample
Parameter: percentage of the population
True or false: Nonsampling errors could occur, even if we take a census. - CORRECT
ANSWER: True - nonsampling errors have to do with study methods and bias, which
can occur regardless of the sample.
True or False: When we take a census we try to get information from every member of a
simple random sample. - CORRECT ANSWER: False - with a census we try to get
information from every member of a whole population.