NURS 661 EXAM 1 KEY
POINTS LATEST UPDATED
EXAM VERSION WITH 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS AND
RATIONALES
Introjection (immature)
Internalizing the qualities of the other (e.g., identification
with the aggressor through which the person becomes
aggressive to gain control)
To uncritically accept others' beliefs and standard without
discriminating and assimilating what belongs to self and
eliminating what does not.
Ex: "be a good girl," "don't be angry," and "boys don't
cry"
Socratic Dialogue
Hallmark of CBT.
Non-directive.
* A technique described as "mutual discovery in which
the therapist guides the patient through a series of
questions and answers to elicit automatic thoughts and
assumptions, and examine the logic and evidence that
relates to them"
* non- directive : the therapists' interpretations are
,thought to lead the patient to insight integration and
indential change
Diathesis-Stress Model
Serves to explore how biological or genetic traits
diathesis interacts with environmental influences, and
stressors to produce disorders such as depression,
anxiety, or schizophrenia- changes their DNA through
process of methylation
the diathesis-stress model recognizes that genetics for
nature and the environment or stress and nature both
contribute to the development of psychiatric disorders.
a person may have a genetic vulnerability, and if they
encounter significant stress in their young life or early
life, like childhood, trauma or neglect, loss, or viruses
then they may likely be triggered and could lead to the
development of psychiatric disorders if they have a
genetic vulnerability.
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis
Regulates cortisol, a potent hormone that inhibits growth,
immune responses, and inflammatory responses.
In severe and prolonged stress, this feedback to the
pituitary gland is impaired and the hypothalamus does
not decrease its activity, thus continuing to pump too
much cortisol
plays a role with AcTH: comes from anterior pituitary
which is above the brain stem.
HPA also plays a role in fight or flight.
,Cortisol
This potent stress hormone mobilizes energy stores,
stimulates the release of glucose, potentiates the release
of adrenaline, increases cardiovascular tone, and inhibits
growth, immune, and inflammatory responses
How PTSD affects cortisol production
For those with PTSD, it is hypothesized that the brain may
become hypersensitive to the effects of cortisol. The
person has a consequent loss of stimulus discrimination,
and even minor triggers may cause the person to
overact.
Risk Factors for Eating Disorders
· Body image distortion
· Dissatisfaction
· Perfectionism
· History of anxiety
Erikson's Stages of Development
Infancy (birth to 18 months)
Trust vs. mistrust
Pathological Outcome: Psychosis, addictions, depression
Erikson's Stages of Development
Early childhood (18 months to 3 years)
Autonomy vs. self-doubt
, Pathological Outcome: Paranoia, obsessions, compulsions,
impulsivity
Erikson's Stages of Development
Late childhood (3 to 6 years)
Initiative vs. guilt
Pathological Outcome: Conversion disorder, phobias,
psychosomatic disorder
Erikson's Stages of Development
School age (6 to 12 years)
Industry vs. inferiority
Pathological Outcome: Inertia, creative inhibition
Erikson's Stages of Development
Adolescent (12 to 20 years)
Identity vs. role confusion
Pathological Outcome: Delinquency, gender-related
identity disorders, borderline psychotic episodes
Erikson's Stages of Development
Young adult (20 to 30 years)
Intimacy vs. isolation
Pathological Outcome: Schizoid personality
Erikson's Stages of Development
Adulthood (30 to 60 years)
POINTS LATEST UPDATED
EXAM VERSION WITH 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS AND
RATIONALES
Introjection (immature)
Internalizing the qualities of the other (e.g., identification
with the aggressor through which the person becomes
aggressive to gain control)
To uncritically accept others' beliefs and standard without
discriminating and assimilating what belongs to self and
eliminating what does not.
Ex: "be a good girl," "don't be angry," and "boys don't
cry"
Socratic Dialogue
Hallmark of CBT.
Non-directive.
* A technique described as "mutual discovery in which
the therapist guides the patient through a series of
questions and answers to elicit automatic thoughts and
assumptions, and examine the logic and evidence that
relates to them"
* non- directive : the therapists' interpretations are
,thought to lead the patient to insight integration and
indential change
Diathesis-Stress Model
Serves to explore how biological or genetic traits
diathesis interacts with environmental influences, and
stressors to produce disorders such as depression,
anxiety, or schizophrenia- changes their DNA through
process of methylation
the diathesis-stress model recognizes that genetics for
nature and the environment or stress and nature both
contribute to the development of psychiatric disorders.
a person may have a genetic vulnerability, and if they
encounter significant stress in their young life or early
life, like childhood, trauma or neglect, loss, or viruses
then they may likely be triggered and could lead to the
development of psychiatric disorders if they have a
genetic vulnerability.
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis
Regulates cortisol, a potent hormone that inhibits growth,
immune responses, and inflammatory responses.
In severe and prolonged stress, this feedback to the
pituitary gland is impaired and the hypothalamus does
not decrease its activity, thus continuing to pump too
much cortisol
plays a role with AcTH: comes from anterior pituitary
which is above the brain stem.
HPA also plays a role in fight or flight.
,Cortisol
This potent stress hormone mobilizes energy stores,
stimulates the release of glucose, potentiates the release
of adrenaline, increases cardiovascular tone, and inhibits
growth, immune, and inflammatory responses
How PTSD affects cortisol production
For those with PTSD, it is hypothesized that the brain may
become hypersensitive to the effects of cortisol. The
person has a consequent loss of stimulus discrimination,
and even minor triggers may cause the person to
overact.
Risk Factors for Eating Disorders
· Body image distortion
· Dissatisfaction
· Perfectionism
· History of anxiety
Erikson's Stages of Development
Infancy (birth to 18 months)
Trust vs. mistrust
Pathological Outcome: Psychosis, addictions, depression
Erikson's Stages of Development
Early childhood (18 months to 3 years)
Autonomy vs. self-doubt
, Pathological Outcome: Paranoia, obsessions, compulsions,
impulsivity
Erikson's Stages of Development
Late childhood (3 to 6 years)
Initiative vs. guilt
Pathological Outcome: Conversion disorder, phobias,
psychosomatic disorder
Erikson's Stages of Development
School age (6 to 12 years)
Industry vs. inferiority
Pathological Outcome: Inertia, creative inhibition
Erikson's Stages of Development
Adolescent (12 to 20 years)
Identity vs. role confusion
Pathological Outcome: Delinquency, gender-related
identity disorders, borderline psychotic episodes
Erikson's Stages of Development
Young adult (20 to 30 years)
Intimacy vs. isolation
Pathological Outcome: Schizoid personality
Erikson's Stages of Development
Adulthood (30 to 60 years)
