Bioethics Chapters 7-12 Complete Accurate Questions and Answers A+ Pass

Bioethics Chapters 7-12 Complete Accurate Questions and Answers A+ Pass What is NOT included in the information that must be provided to a research subject in order for the subject to give informed consent? - The names of all other research subjects participating in the study The first document that set forth modern ethical guidelines for medical research was the _____. - Nuremberg Code The document that was used as the basis for laws governing medical research in many countries was the _____. - Declaration of Helsinki Sam has a small skin cancer removed from his arm. After the procedure, his doctor takes some of the cancerous cells and uses them to test a new type of drug that he is researching. Sam never knows that his doctor used the cells. Is this ethical or not and why? - No, Sam was not able to provide informed consent because his doctor did not clearly inform him of how the cells would be used. In 1951, tumor cells were taken from Henrietta Lacks and used to found the first immortal cell line, known as HeLa. Why do we now consider this to have been unethical? - Because, even though Henrietta Lacks was given appropriate treatment for the time period, she was not informed that the cells were taken and therefore, could not give informed consent Autonomy is one of the four _____ principles of biomedical research. - Ethical Which of the following is NOT considered unethical in regards to autonomy? - Explaining the possible positive outcomes for the participant Which of the following does NOT have to be explained to a potential participant of a biomedical research study? - All of the specific details of the entire research study Which of the following would NOT be a part of a biomedical research study? - Study on population genetics Who makes the decision on whether or not a person participates in a biomedical research experiment? - The potential participant Why would simply 'cleaning up' Willowbrook not solve the problem of hepatitis at the facility? - It was difficult to know which child had hepatitis Which of the following is one of the ethical issues involved in the Willowbrook studies? - Children were purposely infected with hepatitis What was a benefit to the hepatitis studies conducted at Willowbrook? - It paved the way to hepatitis vaccines Why was there issue with parental consent with regard to the Willowbrook hepatitis studies? - Parents were desperate to find a place for their child and the only available section was the 'hepatitis wing' Which of the following is NOT an ethical issue associated with Willowbrook? - Developing vaccinations Currently, it is believed that Simian Immunodeficiency Virus was transferred to humans in the 1800s when - Humans hunted monkeys as food Which of the following is not a fluid that transfers the HIV retrovirus? - Saliva HIV stands for_____, AIDS stands for - Human Immunodeficiency Virus; Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome In the United States, it is estimated that _____% of new infections are unaware of their infection. - 18 Higher level of prejudice occurred with the discovery of the wasting disease in the United States in the gay community, leading to AIDS originally being described as Gay Related Immune Deficiency Syndrome. - True Why does antiretroviral therapy focus on reverse transcriptase and protease inhibitors? - A healthy human cell does not have these proteins, so they make a good specific target What is the name for a specific combination of drugs used to control HIV? - Cocktail Which of the following statements is TRUE about HIV? - The HIV virus is able to form mutations Reverse transcriptase inhibitors are able to: - Stop HIV from copying its RNA into DNA Why are protease inhibitors used in HIV treatments? - They prevent HIV from making enzymes and structural proteins Which of the following is NOT an exception to HIV patient confidentiality? - Family members request to know the status Which of the following is an ethical concern surrounding HIV vaccine research? - Future, efficient vaccines may not work on research participants. What does AIDS stand for? - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome What should happen prior to testing a person for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)? - All of these need to happen prior to testing. Which of the following best describes the current ethical consideration regarding HIV-positive healthcare workers? - Close, periodic evaluation of healthcare workers that perform invasive medical procedures. Why do people disagree about fracking, a process of extracting oil and gas from the ground that may lead to the contamination of groundwater? - Because people value the benefits of extracting more oil and gas and the costs of environmental damage differently. Finish this conversation between an anthropocentric person and an ecocentric person: Ecocentric: 'We need to stop the destruction of the rain forest! Species are becoming extinct at an alarming rate!'