NURS 571 FINAL 2 STUDY GUIDE
Appendicitis - Answers - inflammation (appendix), a thin, tube-like organ attached to
the large intestine. 10-30yrs, blocked by bacterial infection, stagnation of waste matter,
parasites, inflammatory bowel disease, or other gastrointestinal conditions.
Appendicitis Complications - Answers - a burst appendix, development of an abscess
(pocket of pus) in one location, and peritonitis: a widespread infection of the abdominal
cavity.
liver - Answers - helps your body digest food, store energy, and remove poisons.
Hepatitis A - Answers - is a swelling of the liver, can lead to scarring, called cirrhosis,
or cancer, mostly due to virus
gallbladder - Answers - a small hollow organ located beneath the liver, Gallstones form
from hard deposits in digestive fluid, form in
pancreas - Answers - an organ located behind the stomach, secretes digestive
enzymes into the intestine through lower bile duct.
pancreatitis - Answers - lower bile duct becomes blocked, digestive enzymes cannot
leave become harmful, inflamed and painful this is
Peptic ulcer disease - Answers - formation of ulcers (open sores) due to excess
stomach acid damages the protective mucus-covered gastrointestinal lining, to the first
section of the small intestine (duodenum).
gastric ulcers - Answers - Peptic ulcers in the stomach are called
Peptic ulcers causes - Answers - a bacterial infection or the long-term use of
(NSAIDs)are the causes
duodenal ulcers - Answers - Peptic ulcers in the duodenum are called
(H. pylori) and NSAIDs - Answers - such as aspirin and ibuprofen increase acidity and
inflammation in the stomach they are
Peptic ulcers common symptoms - Answers - common symptoms include dull
abdominal pain, feeling full or bloated, indigestion, heartburn, and nausea of
Peptic ulcers severe symptoms - Answers - include vomiting (including vomiting
blood), dark, bloody stool, unexplained weight loss or appetite changes, fatigue, and
having trouble breathing
, PUD Treatment - Answers - 1.Lifestyle modifications and over-the-counter antacids or
H2 blockers, 2.H. pylori testing & Treatment with PPIs.
Treatment for H. pylori - Answers - All regimens include a PPI plus antibiotics to treat
Triple therapy for H. pylori - Answers - PPI plus Clarithromycin: 500 mg twice daily, or
Metronidazole: 500 mg twice daily, Amoxicillin: 1 gm twice daily, Treat for 10 to 14 days.
Quadruple therapy for H. pylori - Answers - PPI plus Metronidazole: 250 mg four
times/day, Tetracycline: 500 mg four times/day, Bismuth subsalicylate: 525 mg four
times/day, Treat for 10 to 14 days. Usually used as second-line therapy in patients who
fail first-line therapy.
Levofloxacin-based triple therapy - Answers - PPI: twice daily, Levofloxacin: 250 to
500 mg twice daily, Amoxicillin: 1 gm twice daily, Treat for 10 to 14 days. Second-line or
rescue therapy
LFTS - Answers - for screening infection, for liver disease, severity of the disease,
progression of disease, effectiveness of treatment, and for side effects of meds you
need
acute care setting- LFTs - Answers - to evaluate jaundice, weight loss, abdominal pain,
and alcohol abuse. are order where
Need LFTs - Answers - liver function by detecting liver cell damage, bile flow
interference, and hepatic synthetic function you need
hepatocellular damage - Answers - ALT, AST, LDH (non-specific) you need for
evaluation of
bile flow interference - Answers - Bilirubin, Alkaline Phosphatase, GGT, Bile Acids,
5'NT you need for evaluation of
synthetic function damage - Answers - PT, Albumin you need for the evaluation of
abnormal LFTs - Answers - always consider pts risk factors, symptoms, comorbid
conditions, medications, and physical exam in
Aminotransferases - Answers - are enzymes that help distinguish
(elevations)hepatocellular damage from cholestatic dysfunction, low to no changes are
seen in obstructive disease.
Markers of Hepatocellular Damage - Answers - ALT and AST, normal 10-40 IU/L.
Enzyme values > 3 times the upper limit of normal are considered clinically significant
Appendicitis - Answers - inflammation (appendix), a thin, tube-like organ attached to
the large intestine. 10-30yrs, blocked by bacterial infection, stagnation of waste matter,
parasites, inflammatory bowel disease, or other gastrointestinal conditions.
Appendicitis Complications - Answers - a burst appendix, development of an abscess
(pocket of pus) in one location, and peritonitis: a widespread infection of the abdominal
cavity.
liver - Answers - helps your body digest food, store energy, and remove poisons.
Hepatitis A - Answers - is a swelling of the liver, can lead to scarring, called cirrhosis,
or cancer, mostly due to virus
gallbladder - Answers - a small hollow organ located beneath the liver, Gallstones form
from hard deposits in digestive fluid, form in
pancreas - Answers - an organ located behind the stomach, secretes digestive
enzymes into the intestine through lower bile duct.
pancreatitis - Answers - lower bile duct becomes blocked, digestive enzymes cannot
leave become harmful, inflamed and painful this is
Peptic ulcer disease - Answers - formation of ulcers (open sores) due to excess
stomach acid damages the protective mucus-covered gastrointestinal lining, to the first
section of the small intestine (duodenum).
gastric ulcers - Answers - Peptic ulcers in the stomach are called
Peptic ulcers causes - Answers - a bacterial infection or the long-term use of
(NSAIDs)are the causes
duodenal ulcers - Answers - Peptic ulcers in the duodenum are called
(H. pylori) and NSAIDs - Answers - such as aspirin and ibuprofen increase acidity and
inflammation in the stomach they are
Peptic ulcers common symptoms - Answers - common symptoms include dull
abdominal pain, feeling full or bloated, indigestion, heartburn, and nausea of
Peptic ulcers severe symptoms - Answers - include vomiting (including vomiting
blood), dark, bloody stool, unexplained weight loss or appetite changes, fatigue, and
having trouble breathing
, PUD Treatment - Answers - 1.Lifestyle modifications and over-the-counter antacids or
H2 blockers, 2.H. pylori testing & Treatment with PPIs.
Treatment for H. pylori - Answers - All regimens include a PPI plus antibiotics to treat
Triple therapy for H. pylori - Answers - PPI plus Clarithromycin: 500 mg twice daily, or
Metronidazole: 500 mg twice daily, Amoxicillin: 1 gm twice daily, Treat for 10 to 14 days.
Quadruple therapy for H. pylori - Answers - PPI plus Metronidazole: 250 mg four
times/day, Tetracycline: 500 mg four times/day, Bismuth subsalicylate: 525 mg four
times/day, Treat for 10 to 14 days. Usually used as second-line therapy in patients who
fail first-line therapy.
Levofloxacin-based triple therapy - Answers - PPI: twice daily, Levofloxacin: 250 to
500 mg twice daily, Amoxicillin: 1 gm twice daily, Treat for 10 to 14 days. Second-line or
rescue therapy
LFTS - Answers - for screening infection, for liver disease, severity of the disease,
progression of disease, effectiveness of treatment, and for side effects of meds you
need
acute care setting- LFTs - Answers - to evaluate jaundice, weight loss, abdominal pain,
and alcohol abuse. are order where
Need LFTs - Answers - liver function by detecting liver cell damage, bile flow
interference, and hepatic synthetic function you need
hepatocellular damage - Answers - ALT, AST, LDH (non-specific) you need for
evaluation of
bile flow interference - Answers - Bilirubin, Alkaline Phosphatase, GGT, Bile Acids,
5'NT you need for evaluation of
synthetic function damage - Answers - PT, Albumin you need for the evaluation of
abnormal LFTs - Answers - always consider pts risk factors, symptoms, comorbid
conditions, medications, and physical exam in
Aminotransferases - Answers - are enzymes that help distinguish
(elevations)hepatocellular damage from cholestatic dysfunction, low to no changes are
seen in obstructive disease.
Markers of Hepatocellular Damage - Answers - ALT and AST, normal 10-40 IU/L.
Enzyme values > 3 times the upper limit of normal are considered clinically significant
