Introductory Clinical Pharmacology Test Bank Overview
Pharmacology - (correct Answer) - The study of drugs and their action on living
organisms.
Drug action - (correct Answer) - How the drug acts in the body; considered the most
critical aspect of pharmacology.
Clinical drug reference - (correct Answer) - A source for obtaining information
about a drug and its actions.
Clinical pharmacist - (correct Answer) - A healthcare professional who provides
information about drugs.
Sources for deriving medications - (correct Answer) - Plants, synthetic sources,
mold, minerals, and animals.
Chemical name - (correct Answer) - A name assigned to a drug during the development
process that reflects its chemical structure.
Official name - (correct Answer) - A name assigned to a drug that is recognized by
official regulatory bodies.
Pharmacologic name - (correct Answer) - A name that describes the pharmacological
properties of the drug.
Trade name - (correct Answer) - A brand name assigned to a drug by its
manufacturer.
Nonproprietary name - (correct Answer) - Also known as the generic name, it is a
name assigned to a drug that is not trademarked.
Drug classification - (correct Answer) - The categorization of a drug based on the
chemical type of its active ingredient or its therapeutic use.
Active ingredient - (correct Answer) - The chemical component in a drug that is
responsible for its therapeutic effects.
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) - (correct Answer) - The agency responsible for
assigning categories to newly approved drugs in the United States.
Drug name - (correct Answer) - The name by which a drug is known, which can include
chemical, official, pharmacologic, trade, and nonproprietary names.
Drug class - (correct Answer) - A category that groups drugs based on their similar
properties or effects.
Drug source - (correct Answer) - The origin of a drug, which can be natural or
synthetic.
Synthetic sources - (correct Answer) - Drugs created in a laboratory setting.
Mold - (correct Answer) - A natural source from which some medications are derived.
Minerals - (correct Answer) - Natural substances that can be used as sources for
medications.
Animals - (correct Answer) - Natural sources from which some medications are
derived.
Nursing instructor - (correct Answer) - An educator who teaches nursing students
about pharmacology and other subjects.
Nurse assigned to the patient - (correct Answer) - A healthcare professional
responsible for the care of a specific patient.
Prescribing health care provider - (correct Answer) - A medical professional who
prescribes medications to patients.
Prescription - (correct Answer) - A category assigned by the FDA to drugs that
require a licensed health care provider's signature.
Nonprescription - (correct Answer) - A category assigned by the FDA to drugs that
can be purchased without a prescription, often referred to as over-the-counter
drugs.
Controlled substance - (correct Answer) - A category assigned by the FDA to drugs
that are regulated due to their potential for abuse.
Metabolite - (correct Answer) - The inactive form of the drug.
Noncontrolled substance - (correct Answer) - A term that is not used in the context
of drug classification.
Safe use of prescription drugs - (correct Answer) - Includes administering drugs,
,monitoring drug effects, evaluating for toxic effects, and educating clients and
caregivers about drugs.
Prescription documentation - (correct Answer) - Must contain the client's name, the
name of the drug, the dosage, the method and times of administration, and the
signature of the licensed health care provider.
Nonprescription drugs labeling requirements - (correct Answer) - Federal government
has imposed labeling requirements for OTC drugs, which should only be taken as
directed on the label.
Controlled Substances Act of 1970 - (correct Answer) - Regulates the manufacture,
distribution, and dispensing of drugs classified as controlled substances.
Manufacturing - (correct Answer) - One of the activities regulated under the
Controlled Substances Act for controlled substances.
Distribution - (correct Answer) - One of the activities regulated under the
Controlled Substances Act for controlled substances.
Dispensing - (correct Answer) - One of the activities regulated under the
Controlled Substances Act for controlled substances.
Monitoring clients for drug effects - (correct Answer) - An important
responsibility of nurses to ensure the safe use of prescription drugs.
Evaluating clients for toxic effects - (correct Answer) - An important
responsibility of nurses to ensure the safe use of prescription drugs.
Educating clients/caregivers about drugs - (correct Answer) - An important
responsibility of nurses to ensure the safe use of prescription drugs.
Dosage of the drug - (correct Answer) - A required element that must be documented
in a prescription.
Route of drug administration - (correct Answer) - A required element that must be
documented in a prescription.
Times of drug administration - (correct Answer) - A required element that must be
documented in a prescription.
Licensed prescriber's signature - (correct Answer) - A required element that must
be documented in a prescription.
Over-the-counter drugs - (correct Answer) - Another term for nonprescription drugs
that do not require a prescription.
Elimination - (correct Answer) - The excretion of drugs from the body, a
pharmacokinetic activity.
Orphan Drug Program - (correct Answer) - A program that encourages the development
and marketing of products to treat rare diseases.
Provisional Approval - (correct Answer) - Approval granted with a written
commitment from the drug company to formally demonstrate client benefits.
Incentives in Orphan Drug Program - (correct Answer) - Research grants, protocol
assistance, and special tax credits provided to develop products to treat rare
diseases.
Exclusive Marketing Rights - (correct Answer) - 7 years of exclusive marketing
rights granted to the manufacturer if the drug is approved.
Accelerated Approval - (correct Answer) - Approval of drugs based on preliminary
evidence before formal demonstration of client benefits.
Pharmacokinetic Phases - (correct Answer) - The phases of pharmacokinetics include
absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
ADME - (correct Answer) - An acronym to remember the pharmacokinetic phases:
Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion.
Absorption - (correct Answer) - The process by which drug particles in the GI tract
are moved into the body fluids.
Active Transport - (correct Answer) - A mechanism for absorption in the
gastrointestinal tract.
Passive Transport - (correct Answer) - A mechanism for absorption in the
gastrointestinal tract.
Pinocytosis - (correct Answer) - A mechanism for absorption in the gastrointestinal
tract.
Half-life - (correct Answer) - The measure of the rate at which drugs are removed
from the body.
, Renal Disease Effect on Half-life - (correct Answer) - Half-life can be decreased
in clients with renal disease.
Liver Disease Effect on Half-life - (correct Answer) - Liver disease can increase
half-life.
Dosing Frequency - (correct Answer) - Half-life can help determine dosing
frequency.
Change in Half-life - (correct Answer) - Half-life does not change throughout a
client's life.
Anaphylactic Shock Indicators - (correct Answer) - Signs that alert the nurse to
suspect that the client is developing anaphylactic shock.
Bradycardia - (correct Answer) - A condition where the heart rate is slower than
normal.
Hypertension - (correct Answer) - A condition characterized by consistently
elevated blood pressure.
Dyspnea - (correct Answer) - A medical term for shortness of breath or difficulty
breathing.
Urticaria - (correct Answer) - A skin reaction that causes itchy welts or hives.
Angioedema - (correct Answer) - A type of allergic drug reaction manifested by
swelling in the deeper layers of the skin, often affecting the eyelids, lips, and
throat.
Factors altering drug response in children - (correct Answer) - Factors include
slower gastric emptying, greater surface area, less protein binding, and less
cutaneous fat.
MedWatch - (correct Answer) - A safety information and adverse events reporting
program established by the FDA.
Individuals accessing MedWatch - (correct Answer) - Physicians, nurses, patients,
pharmacists, and caregivers can access the MedWatch website.
Factors influencing drug response - (correct Answer) - Factors include age,
polypharmacy, weight, sex, disease, and genetics.
Mild allergic reaction - (correct Answer) - A less severe allergic response that
may include symptoms like itching or rashes.
Anaphylactic shock - (correct Answer) - A severe, potentially life-threatening
allergic reaction that requires immediate medical attention.
Drug idiosyncrasy - (correct Answer) - An unusual or abnormal reaction to a drug
that differs from the expected response.
Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) - (correct Answer) - An act
that defines dietary supplements and permits general health claims while giving the
FDA enforcement power.
General health claims - (correct Answer) - Claims that can be made about dietary
supplements as long as they include a disclaimer regarding FDA approval.
Curative health claims - (correct Answer) - Claims that are not permitted under the
DSHEA for dietary supplements.
Specific substances defined as dietary supplements - (correct Answer) - Includes
herbs, vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and other natural substances.
Postmarketing surveillance phase - (correct Answer) - The phase of drug development
where health care providers report adverse effects to the FDA.
Phase 1 of clinical testing - (correct Answer) - Involves 20 to 100 healthy
volunteers.
In vitro testing - (correct Answer) - Testing of the drug on human or animal cells
done in the pre-FDA phase.
Phase 2 of clinical testing - (correct Answer) - The phase where the drug is given
to patients with the disease for which the drug is manufactured.
Cocaine addiction risks for fetus - (correct Answer) - Children born to mothers
using addictive drugs are often born with an addiction to the drug.
Aspirin harmful effects - (correct Answer) - Aspirin can cause gastrointestinal
bleeding and salicylism.
Allergic reaction - (correct Answer) - Manifested by signs and symptoms including
itching, skin rashes, and hives.
Angioedema - (correct Answer) - An allergic drug reaction that may block the
Pharmacology - (correct Answer) - The study of drugs and their action on living
organisms.
Drug action - (correct Answer) - How the drug acts in the body; considered the most
critical aspect of pharmacology.
Clinical drug reference - (correct Answer) - A source for obtaining information
about a drug and its actions.
Clinical pharmacist - (correct Answer) - A healthcare professional who provides
information about drugs.
Sources for deriving medications - (correct Answer) - Plants, synthetic sources,
mold, minerals, and animals.
Chemical name - (correct Answer) - A name assigned to a drug during the development
process that reflects its chemical structure.
Official name - (correct Answer) - A name assigned to a drug that is recognized by
official regulatory bodies.
Pharmacologic name - (correct Answer) - A name that describes the pharmacological
properties of the drug.
Trade name - (correct Answer) - A brand name assigned to a drug by its
manufacturer.
Nonproprietary name - (correct Answer) - Also known as the generic name, it is a
name assigned to a drug that is not trademarked.
Drug classification - (correct Answer) - The categorization of a drug based on the
chemical type of its active ingredient or its therapeutic use.
Active ingredient - (correct Answer) - The chemical component in a drug that is
responsible for its therapeutic effects.
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) - (correct Answer) - The agency responsible for
assigning categories to newly approved drugs in the United States.
Drug name - (correct Answer) - The name by which a drug is known, which can include
chemical, official, pharmacologic, trade, and nonproprietary names.
Drug class - (correct Answer) - A category that groups drugs based on their similar
properties or effects.
Drug source - (correct Answer) - The origin of a drug, which can be natural or
synthetic.
Synthetic sources - (correct Answer) - Drugs created in a laboratory setting.
Mold - (correct Answer) - A natural source from which some medications are derived.
Minerals - (correct Answer) - Natural substances that can be used as sources for
medications.
Animals - (correct Answer) - Natural sources from which some medications are
derived.
Nursing instructor - (correct Answer) - An educator who teaches nursing students
about pharmacology and other subjects.
Nurse assigned to the patient - (correct Answer) - A healthcare professional
responsible for the care of a specific patient.
Prescribing health care provider - (correct Answer) - A medical professional who
prescribes medications to patients.
Prescription - (correct Answer) - A category assigned by the FDA to drugs that
require a licensed health care provider's signature.
Nonprescription - (correct Answer) - A category assigned by the FDA to drugs that
can be purchased without a prescription, often referred to as over-the-counter
drugs.
Controlled substance - (correct Answer) - A category assigned by the FDA to drugs
that are regulated due to their potential for abuse.
Metabolite - (correct Answer) - The inactive form of the drug.
Noncontrolled substance - (correct Answer) - A term that is not used in the context
of drug classification.
Safe use of prescription drugs - (correct Answer) - Includes administering drugs,
,monitoring drug effects, evaluating for toxic effects, and educating clients and
caregivers about drugs.
Prescription documentation - (correct Answer) - Must contain the client's name, the
name of the drug, the dosage, the method and times of administration, and the
signature of the licensed health care provider.
Nonprescription drugs labeling requirements - (correct Answer) - Federal government
has imposed labeling requirements for OTC drugs, which should only be taken as
directed on the label.
Controlled Substances Act of 1970 - (correct Answer) - Regulates the manufacture,
distribution, and dispensing of drugs classified as controlled substances.
Manufacturing - (correct Answer) - One of the activities regulated under the
Controlled Substances Act for controlled substances.
Distribution - (correct Answer) - One of the activities regulated under the
Controlled Substances Act for controlled substances.
Dispensing - (correct Answer) - One of the activities regulated under the
Controlled Substances Act for controlled substances.
Monitoring clients for drug effects - (correct Answer) - An important
responsibility of nurses to ensure the safe use of prescription drugs.
Evaluating clients for toxic effects - (correct Answer) - An important
responsibility of nurses to ensure the safe use of prescription drugs.
Educating clients/caregivers about drugs - (correct Answer) - An important
responsibility of nurses to ensure the safe use of prescription drugs.
Dosage of the drug - (correct Answer) - A required element that must be documented
in a prescription.
Route of drug administration - (correct Answer) - A required element that must be
documented in a prescription.
Times of drug administration - (correct Answer) - A required element that must be
documented in a prescription.
Licensed prescriber's signature - (correct Answer) - A required element that must
be documented in a prescription.
Over-the-counter drugs - (correct Answer) - Another term for nonprescription drugs
that do not require a prescription.
Elimination - (correct Answer) - The excretion of drugs from the body, a
pharmacokinetic activity.
Orphan Drug Program - (correct Answer) - A program that encourages the development
and marketing of products to treat rare diseases.
Provisional Approval - (correct Answer) - Approval granted with a written
commitment from the drug company to formally demonstrate client benefits.
Incentives in Orphan Drug Program - (correct Answer) - Research grants, protocol
assistance, and special tax credits provided to develop products to treat rare
diseases.
Exclusive Marketing Rights - (correct Answer) - 7 years of exclusive marketing
rights granted to the manufacturer if the drug is approved.
Accelerated Approval - (correct Answer) - Approval of drugs based on preliminary
evidence before formal demonstration of client benefits.
Pharmacokinetic Phases - (correct Answer) - The phases of pharmacokinetics include
absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
ADME - (correct Answer) - An acronym to remember the pharmacokinetic phases:
Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion.
Absorption - (correct Answer) - The process by which drug particles in the GI tract
are moved into the body fluids.
Active Transport - (correct Answer) - A mechanism for absorption in the
gastrointestinal tract.
Passive Transport - (correct Answer) - A mechanism for absorption in the
gastrointestinal tract.
Pinocytosis - (correct Answer) - A mechanism for absorption in the gastrointestinal
tract.
Half-life - (correct Answer) - The measure of the rate at which drugs are removed
from the body.
, Renal Disease Effect on Half-life - (correct Answer) - Half-life can be decreased
in clients with renal disease.
Liver Disease Effect on Half-life - (correct Answer) - Liver disease can increase
half-life.
Dosing Frequency - (correct Answer) - Half-life can help determine dosing
frequency.
Change in Half-life - (correct Answer) - Half-life does not change throughout a
client's life.
Anaphylactic Shock Indicators - (correct Answer) - Signs that alert the nurse to
suspect that the client is developing anaphylactic shock.
Bradycardia - (correct Answer) - A condition where the heart rate is slower than
normal.
Hypertension - (correct Answer) - A condition characterized by consistently
elevated blood pressure.
Dyspnea - (correct Answer) - A medical term for shortness of breath or difficulty
breathing.
Urticaria - (correct Answer) - A skin reaction that causes itchy welts or hives.
Angioedema - (correct Answer) - A type of allergic drug reaction manifested by
swelling in the deeper layers of the skin, often affecting the eyelids, lips, and
throat.
Factors altering drug response in children - (correct Answer) - Factors include
slower gastric emptying, greater surface area, less protein binding, and less
cutaneous fat.
MedWatch - (correct Answer) - A safety information and adverse events reporting
program established by the FDA.
Individuals accessing MedWatch - (correct Answer) - Physicians, nurses, patients,
pharmacists, and caregivers can access the MedWatch website.
Factors influencing drug response - (correct Answer) - Factors include age,
polypharmacy, weight, sex, disease, and genetics.
Mild allergic reaction - (correct Answer) - A less severe allergic response that
may include symptoms like itching or rashes.
Anaphylactic shock - (correct Answer) - A severe, potentially life-threatening
allergic reaction that requires immediate medical attention.
Drug idiosyncrasy - (correct Answer) - An unusual or abnormal reaction to a drug
that differs from the expected response.
Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) - (correct Answer) - An act
that defines dietary supplements and permits general health claims while giving the
FDA enforcement power.
General health claims - (correct Answer) - Claims that can be made about dietary
supplements as long as they include a disclaimer regarding FDA approval.
Curative health claims - (correct Answer) - Claims that are not permitted under the
DSHEA for dietary supplements.
Specific substances defined as dietary supplements - (correct Answer) - Includes
herbs, vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and other natural substances.
Postmarketing surveillance phase - (correct Answer) - The phase of drug development
where health care providers report adverse effects to the FDA.
Phase 1 of clinical testing - (correct Answer) - Involves 20 to 100 healthy
volunteers.
In vitro testing - (correct Answer) - Testing of the drug on human or animal cells
done in the pre-FDA phase.
Phase 2 of clinical testing - (correct Answer) - The phase where the drug is given
to patients with the disease for which the drug is manufactured.
Cocaine addiction risks for fetus - (correct Answer) - Children born to mothers
using addictive drugs are often born with an addiction to the drug.
Aspirin harmful effects - (correct Answer) - Aspirin can cause gastrointestinal
bleeding and salicylism.
Allergic reaction - (correct Answer) - Manifested by signs and symptoms including
itching, skin rashes, and hives.
Angioedema - (correct Answer) - An allergic drug reaction that may block the
