Cell Biology 2131: Chapter 1 - Introduction to Cell Biology (Karp 8e
Why is cell biology "reductionist"? - (correct Answer) - studying the parts of the
whole cell can explain the character of the whole
Most enzymes are what kind of macromolecule? - (correct Answer) - protein
Biologists are very aware or interested in what kind of relationships? - (correct
Answer) - Structure-function relationships
one of the first major figures in understanding the genetic code (understood it was
a triplet nucleotide sequence) - (correct Answer) - Francis Crick
The discovery of cells followed from the invention of the __________ by
______________, and its refinement by ____________, who saw the first living cell .
- (correct Answer) - microscope (you can't study cells unless you can see them!)
Robert Hooke
Anton Leewenhoek
micron (u) = - (correct Answer) - 1x10^-6m
a compound microscope uses two types of light sources: - (correct Answer) -
objective lenses (4x, 10x, 40x, etc)
eye piece/oculars (10x magnification)
total magnification of a microscope equals what? - (correct Answer) - product of
objective & eye piece magnifications
Cell theory was articulated in the mid-1800s by _________ ,___________&___________.
- (correct Answer) - Schleiden, Schwann and Virchow
- SCHLE & SCHWAN - first two tenets of cells theory
What is the Cell Theory? - (correct Answer) - 1) All organisms are composed or one
or more cell.
2) The cell is the structural unit of life.
3) Cells arise from pre-existing cells by division.
most basic property of cells - (correct Answer) - to be a cell, or to be alive, you
must have cells - cells = life
type of cell that you can maintain more or less indefinitely - (correct Answer) -
cell line
you can grow them indefinitely due to the way they've been modified
Cells can grow and reproduce in vitro for extended periods, which means ... -
(correct Answer) - within glass ; culture
Cultured cells are an essential tool for cell biologists
cultured tumor cells isolated from a cancer patient (_) by _ & _ - (correct Answer)
- HeLa cells: (Henrietta Lacks, had cervical cancer) by George & Marth Gey in 1951
A carcinoma, cancer cells of a epithelial origin
Cells from different species share similar _,_&_ that have been conserved
throughout evolution. - (correct Answer) - structure, composition and metabolic
features
The word "conserved" tends to mean that these features are the same in eukaryotes &
prokaryotic cells
Eukaryotic cells have a _, while prokaryotes (pretty much any bacteria, including
E. coli) lack them - (correct Answer) - defined nucleus as well as membraneous
structures called organelles
Eukaryotes are also generally much bigger (~10-1000x)
Mitochondria can't do what they need to do without the cell having all the
components it needs for _ - (correct Answer) - energy metabolism
the set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of
organisms to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate
(ATP), and then release waste products. - (correct Answer) - cellular respiration -
can occur aerobically or anaerobically
muscle pain that occurs during running is caused by _ - (correct Answer) - build up
of lactic acid (due to lack of oxygen built up in muscle tissue; ATP has been used
up)
3 steps of cellular respiration - gives cells the means to make ATP - (correct
Answer) - glycolysis
, Krebs cycle
oxidative phosphorylation
Cells Possess a _and the Means to Use It
Genes encode info to _ each cell & the organism & for cellular _, _ & _ - (correct
Answer) - genetic program
build
reproduction, activity & structure
Cells are capable of producing what? - (correct Answer) - more of themselves
Cell reproduce & each daughter cell receives a complete set of genetic instructions
Mitosis results in _ while meiosis results in _ - (correct Answer) - two diploid
daughter cells (2n-> 2n + 2n)
^genetically identical
four haploid cells (2n-> 1n + 1n + 1n + 1n)
^increases the potential for genetic diversity
In what kind of cells would we see meiosis? - (correct Answer) - Germ cells
(somatic cells reproduce by mitosis)
sperm (1n) + egg (1n) = _ - (correct Answer) - zygote (2n)
Cells acquire & utilize energy:
_provides fuel for all living organisms.
Animal cells derive energy from the products of _, mainly in the form of _.
Cell can convert glucose into _�a substance with readily available energy. -
(correct Answer) - Photosynthesis
photosynthesis / glucose
ATP
first law of thermodynamics - (correct Answer) - Energy can neither be created nor
destroyed, only its form can be changed
taking one form of energy and changing it to another form of energy - (correct
Answer) - energy transformation (relates to energy flow through all living things,
including metabolism)
Cells Acquire and Utilize _
Cells Carry Out a Variety of _
Cells Engage in _
Cells Are Able to Respond to _
Cells are capable of _
Cells _ - (correct Answer) - energy
chemical reactions
mechanical activities
stimuli
self-regulation
evolve
cancer cells of an epithelial origin - (correct Answer) - carcinoma
DNA duplication occurs with an error rate of less than _ - (correct Answer) - one
mistake every 10 million nucleotides incorporated - & most are quickly corrected
The epithelial cells lining the intestine are tightly connected to each other.
Their _ ends, which face the intestinal channel, have long processes (_) that
facilitate absorption of nutrients - (correct Answer) - apical
microvilli
Microvilli are able to project outward from the apical cell surface because they
contain an _ made of _ which are in turn composed of _ - (correct Answer) -
internal skeleton made of filaments which are in turn composed of actin (protein)
Changes in genetic information (_) form the basis of biological evolution -
(correct Answer) - mutations
Virtually all the energy utilized by life on Earth's surface arrives in the form of
_ from the _ - (correct Answer) - electromagnetic radiation from the sun
Light energy is converted by _ into _ that is stored in energy-rich carbohydrates
such as _ or _. For most animals, energy arrives prepackaged, often in the form of
the _. - (correct Answer) - photosynthesis / chemical energy
sucrose or starch
glucose
Why is cell biology "reductionist"? - (correct Answer) - studying the parts of the
whole cell can explain the character of the whole
Most enzymes are what kind of macromolecule? - (correct Answer) - protein
Biologists are very aware or interested in what kind of relationships? - (correct
Answer) - Structure-function relationships
one of the first major figures in understanding the genetic code (understood it was
a triplet nucleotide sequence) - (correct Answer) - Francis Crick
The discovery of cells followed from the invention of the __________ by
______________, and its refinement by ____________, who saw the first living cell .
- (correct Answer) - microscope (you can't study cells unless you can see them!)
Robert Hooke
Anton Leewenhoek
micron (u) = - (correct Answer) - 1x10^-6m
a compound microscope uses two types of light sources: - (correct Answer) -
objective lenses (4x, 10x, 40x, etc)
eye piece/oculars (10x magnification)
total magnification of a microscope equals what? - (correct Answer) - product of
objective & eye piece magnifications
Cell theory was articulated in the mid-1800s by _________ ,___________&___________.
- (correct Answer) - Schleiden, Schwann and Virchow
- SCHLE & SCHWAN - first two tenets of cells theory
What is the Cell Theory? - (correct Answer) - 1) All organisms are composed or one
or more cell.
2) The cell is the structural unit of life.
3) Cells arise from pre-existing cells by division.
most basic property of cells - (correct Answer) - to be a cell, or to be alive, you
must have cells - cells = life
type of cell that you can maintain more or less indefinitely - (correct Answer) -
cell line
you can grow them indefinitely due to the way they've been modified
Cells can grow and reproduce in vitro for extended periods, which means ... -
(correct Answer) - within glass ; culture
Cultured cells are an essential tool for cell biologists
cultured tumor cells isolated from a cancer patient (_) by _ & _ - (correct Answer)
- HeLa cells: (Henrietta Lacks, had cervical cancer) by George & Marth Gey in 1951
A carcinoma, cancer cells of a epithelial origin
Cells from different species share similar _,_&_ that have been conserved
throughout evolution. - (correct Answer) - structure, composition and metabolic
features
The word "conserved" tends to mean that these features are the same in eukaryotes &
prokaryotic cells
Eukaryotic cells have a _, while prokaryotes (pretty much any bacteria, including
E. coli) lack them - (correct Answer) - defined nucleus as well as membraneous
structures called organelles
Eukaryotes are also generally much bigger (~10-1000x)
Mitochondria can't do what they need to do without the cell having all the
components it needs for _ - (correct Answer) - energy metabolism
the set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of
organisms to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate
(ATP), and then release waste products. - (correct Answer) - cellular respiration -
can occur aerobically or anaerobically
muscle pain that occurs during running is caused by _ - (correct Answer) - build up
of lactic acid (due to lack of oxygen built up in muscle tissue; ATP has been used
up)
3 steps of cellular respiration - gives cells the means to make ATP - (correct
Answer) - glycolysis
, Krebs cycle
oxidative phosphorylation
Cells Possess a _and the Means to Use It
Genes encode info to _ each cell & the organism & for cellular _, _ & _ - (correct
Answer) - genetic program
build
reproduction, activity & structure
Cells are capable of producing what? - (correct Answer) - more of themselves
Cell reproduce & each daughter cell receives a complete set of genetic instructions
Mitosis results in _ while meiosis results in _ - (correct Answer) - two diploid
daughter cells (2n-> 2n + 2n)
^genetically identical
four haploid cells (2n-> 1n + 1n + 1n + 1n)
^increases the potential for genetic diversity
In what kind of cells would we see meiosis? - (correct Answer) - Germ cells
(somatic cells reproduce by mitosis)
sperm (1n) + egg (1n) = _ - (correct Answer) - zygote (2n)
Cells acquire & utilize energy:
_provides fuel for all living organisms.
Animal cells derive energy from the products of _, mainly in the form of _.
Cell can convert glucose into _�a substance with readily available energy. -
(correct Answer) - Photosynthesis
photosynthesis / glucose
ATP
first law of thermodynamics - (correct Answer) - Energy can neither be created nor
destroyed, only its form can be changed
taking one form of energy and changing it to another form of energy - (correct
Answer) - energy transformation (relates to energy flow through all living things,
including metabolism)
Cells Acquire and Utilize _
Cells Carry Out a Variety of _
Cells Engage in _
Cells Are Able to Respond to _
Cells are capable of _
Cells _ - (correct Answer) - energy
chemical reactions
mechanical activities
stimuli
self-regulation
evolve
cancer cells of an epithelial origin - (correct Answer) - carcinoma
DNA duplication occurs with an error rate of less than _ - (correct Answer) - one
mistake every 10 million nucleotides incorporated - & most are quickly corrected
The epithelial cells lining the intestine are tightly connected to each other.
Their _ ends, which face the intestinal channel, have long processes (_) that
facilitate absorption of nutrients - (correct Answer) - apical
microvilli
Microvilli are able to project outward from the apical cell surface because they
contain an _ made of _ which are in turn composed of _ - (correct Answer) -
internal skeleton made of filaments which are in turn composed of actin (protein)
Changes in genetic information (_) form the basis of biological evolution -
(correct Answer) - mutations
Virtually all the energy utilized by life on Earth's surface arrives in the form of
_ from the _ - (correct Answer) - electromagnetic radiation from the sun
Light energy is converted by _ into _ that is stored in energy-rich carbohydrates
such as _ or _. For most animals, energy arrives prepackaged, often in the form of
the _. - (correct Answer) - photosynthesis / chemical energy
sucrose or starch
glucose
