Chapter 1—The Evolution of Psychology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following individuals is responsible for establishing psychology as an
independent discipline with its own subject matter?
a. Wilhelm Wundt
b. G. Stanley Hall
c. René Descartes
d. William James
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 4 BLM: Remember
2. According to historians, when and where did the “birth” of psychology occur?
a. 1859 in England
b. 1879 in Germany
c. 1883 in the United States
d. 1909 in Austria
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 4 BLM: Remember
3. According to Wilhelm Wundt, what was the focus of psychology?
a. to understand functions of behaviour
b. to understand unconscious motivation
c. the scientific study of observable behaviour
d. the scientific study of conscious experience
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 4 BLM: Remember
4. What did Wilhelm Wundt believe the focus of psychology should be?
a. studying stimulus-response associations
b. questioning the nature of existence
c. examining people’s awareness of their immediate experience
d. determining people’s unconscious motivation for behaviour
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 4 BLM: Higher order
5. Who established the first psychological research laboratory in the United States and launched
that country’s first psychology journal?
a. William James
b. G. Stanley Hall
c. John Watson
d. Edward Titchener
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 5 BLM: Remember
, 6. Who was the first president of the American Psychological Association (APA)?
a. G. Stanley Hall
b. John Watson
c. William James
d. Sigmund Freud
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 5 BLM: Remember
7. What is the world’s largest organization devoted to the advancement of psychology?
a. Psychologists of North America
b. Western Psychological Society
c. World Psychology Organization
d. American Psychological Association
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 5 BLM: Remember
8. What were the first two major schools of psychology?
a. functionalism and behaviourism
b. behaviourism and psychoanalytic theory
c. behaviourism and Gestalt psychology
d. structuralism and functionalism
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 6 BLM: Remember
9. Which school of psychology focused on identifying and examining the fundamental
components of conscious experience, such as sensations, feelings, and images?
a. humanism
b. structuralism
c. functionalism
d. behaviourism
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 6 BLM: Remember
10. Which type of psychologist was most likely to use the technique of introspection?
a. structuralist
b. behaviourist
c. cognitive
d. humanist
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 6 BLM: Higher order
11. Mariska is participating in a study in which she is asked to carefully observe and report her
conscious reactions to several stimuli. Which type of psychologist is most likely to conduct a
study like this?
a. structuralist
b. humanist
c. behaviourist
d. psychoanalytic
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 6 BLM: Higher order
,12. Isabel is listening to a piece of classical music and tape recording all her feelings and
impressions as she experiences them. Which school of psychology was well-known for using
this sort of technique?
a. humanism
b. structuralism
c. functionalism
d. behaviourism
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 6 BLM: Higher order
13. In an attempt to learn something about his conscious experience, William looked at an
abstract painting and wrote down all of his impressions as they came to him. What is this
technique called?
a. retrospection
b. empiricism
c. introspection
d. psychoanalysis
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 6 BLM: Higher order
14. Dr. Asgaard believes that in order to fully understand complex processes, such as auditory
processing, it is first necessary to understand all the separate component parts. Which of the
following psychologists are Dr. Asgaard’s views most consistent with?
a. Ivan Pavlov
b. Carl Rogers
c. William James
d. Edward Titchener
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 6 BLM: Higher order
15. Which of the following was an important reason why structuralism ended as a dominant
school of psychology?
a. Introspection was a highly subjective method of analyzing consciousness, and it
was difficult for others to validate or evaluate the claims made about a subject’s
conscious experiences.
b. Psychoanalysis was a much better method than introspection for determining the
conscious experiences of an individual.
c. Structuralists did not want to examine important psychological issues like
sensation and perception.
d. Titchener died, and there were no other well-established structuralists to continue
his work.
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 6 BLM: Higher order
16. Which of the following schools of psychology focused on understanding the purpose of
behaviour?
a. structuralism
b. functionalism
c. neodynamism
d. behaviourism
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 6 BLM: Remember
, 17. Which of the following statements is most likely to be made by a researcher who studies pain
perception from a functionalist perspective?
a. We can understand pain perception only if we understand the unconscious
processes that initiate the sensation of pain.
b. We can study pain only by observing the outward expression of pain in response to
different stimuli.
c. We can study pain only if all the component parts that make up the experience of
pain are understood.
d. We can understand pain perception only if we understand the role of pain in
human survival and adaptation.
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 6 BLM: Higher order
18. Which of the following theorists most heavily influenced William James, who was a pioneer
in the development of functionalism?
a. theorist Charles Darwin
b. theorist Sigmund Freud
c. theorist B. F. Skinner
d. theorist John Watson
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 6 BLM: Remember
19. Which school of psychology stressed that psychology should study the purpose of
consciousness rather than its structure?
a. psychoanalysis
b. structuralism
c. Gestalt psychology
d. functionalism
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 6 BLM: Remember
20. Dr. Smythe believes that in order to fully understand complex processes, such as taste, it is
necessary to understand the role that taste plays in survival, not the elementary components
that combine to produce taste sensations. With which school of thought are Dr. Smythe’s
views most consistent?
a. structuralist approach
b. behaviourist approach
c. functionalist approach
d. psychoanalytic approach
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 6 BLM: Higher order
21. Dr. Ramos believes that it is not possible to fully understand emotions unless we understand
the role that the conscious experiences associated with emotions play in survival and
adaptation. With which theorist are Dr. Ramos’s views most consistent with?
a. Ivan Pavlov
b. Carl Rogers
c. Edward Titchener
d. William James
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 6 BLM: Higher order
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following individuals is responsible for establishing psychology as an
independent discipline with its own subject matter?
a. Wilhelm Wundt
b. G. Stanley Hall
c. René Descartes
d. William James
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 4 BLM: Remember
2. According to historians, when and where did the “birth” of psychology occur?
a. 1859 in England
b. 1879 in Germany
c. 1883 in the United States
d. 1909 in Austria
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 4 BLM: Remember
3. According to Wilhelm Wundt, what was the focus of psychology?
a. to understand functions of behaviour
b. to understand unconscious motivation
c. the scientific study of observable behaviour
d. the scientific study of conscious experience
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 4 BLM: Remember
4. What did Wilhelm Wundt believe the focus of psychology should be?
a. studying stimulus-response associations
b. questioning the nature of existence
c. examining people’s awareness of their immediate experience
d. determining people’s unconscious motivation for behaviour
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 4 BLM: Higher order
5. Who established the first psychological research laboratory in the United States and launched
that country’s first psychology journal?
a. William James
b. G. Stanley Hall
c. John Watson
d. Edward Titchener
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 5 BLM: Remember
, 6. Who was the first president of the American Psychological Association (APA)?
a. G. Stanley Hall
b. John Watson
c. William James
d. Sigmund Freud
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 5 BLM: Remember
7. What is the world’s largest organization devoted to the advancement of psychology?
a. Psychologists of North America
b. Western Psychological Society
c. World Psychology Organization
d. American Psychological Association
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 5 BLM: Remember
8. What were the first two major schools of psychology?
a. functionalism and behaviourism
b. behaviourism and psychoanalytic theory
c. behaviourism and Gestalt psychology
d. structuralism and functionalism
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 6 BLM: Remember
9. Which school of psychology focused on identifying and examining the fundamental
components of conscious experience, such as sensations, feelings, and images?
a. humanism
b. structuralism
c. functionalism
d. behaviourism
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 6 BLM: Remember
10. Which type of psychologist was most likely to use the technique of introspection?
a. structuralist
b. behaviourist
c. cognitive
d. humanist
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 6 BLM: Higher order
11. Mariska is participating in a study in which she is asked to carefully observe and report her
conscious reactions to several stimuli. Which type of psychologist is most likely to conduct a
study like this?
a. structuralist
b. humanist
c. behaviourist
d. psychoanalytic
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 6 BLM: Higher order
,12. Isabel is listening to a piece of classical music and tape recording all her feelings and
impressions as she experiences them. Which school of psychology was well-known for using
this sort of technique?
a. humanism
b. structuralism
c. functionalism
d. behaviourism
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 6 BLM: Higher order
13. In an attempt to learn something about his conscious experience, William looked at an
abstract painting and wrote down all of his impressions as they came to him. What is this
technique called?
a. retrospection
b. empiricism
c. introspection
d. psychoanalysis
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 6 BLM: Higher order
14. Dr. Asgaard believes that in order to fully understand complex processes, such as auditory
processing, it is first necessary to understand all the separate component parts. Which of the
following psychologists are Dr. Asgaard’s views most consistent with?
a. Ivan Pavlov
b. Carl Rogers
c. William James
d. Edward Titchener
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 6 BLM: Higher order
15. Which of the following was an important reason why structuralism ended as a dominant
school of psychology?
a. Introspection was a highly subjective method of analyzing consciousness, and it
was difficult for others to validate or evaluate the claims made about a subject’s
conscious experiences.
b. Psychoanalysis was a much better method than introspection for determining the
conscious experiences of an individual.
c. Structuralists did not want to examine important psychological issues like
sensation and perception.
d. Titchener died, and there were no other well-established structuralists to continue
his work.
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 6 BLM: Higher order
16. Which of the following schools of psychology focused on understanding the purpose of
behaviour?
a. structuralism
b. functionalism
c. neodynamism
d. behaviourism
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 6 BLM: Remember
, 17. Which of the following statements is most likely to be made by a researcher who studies pain
perception from a functionalist perspective?
a. We can understand pain perception only if we understand the unconscious
processes that initiate the sensation of pain.
b. We can study pain only by observing the outward expression of pain in response to
different stimuli.
c. We can study pain only if all the component parts that make up the experience of
pain are understood.
d. We can understand pain perception only if we understand the role of pain in
human survival and adaptation.
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 6 BLM: Higher order
18. Which of the following theorists most heavily influenced William James, who was a pioneer
in the development of functionalism?
a. theorist Charles Darwin
b. theorist Sigmund Freud
c. theorist B. F. Skinner
d. theorist John Watson
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 6 BLM: Remember
19. Which school of psychology stressed that psychology should study the purpose of
consciousness rather than its structure?
a. psychoanalysis
b. structuralism
c. Gestalt psychology
d. functionalism
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 6 BLM: Remember
20. Dr. Smythe believes that in order to fully understand complex processes, such as taste, it is
necessary to understand the role that taste plays in survival, not the elementary components
that combine to produce taste sensations. With which school of thought are Dr. Smythe’s
views most consistent?
a. structuralist approach
b. behaviourist approach
c. functionalist approach
d. psychoanalytic approach
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 6 BLM: Higher order
21. Dr. Ramos believes that it is not possible to fully understand emotions unless we understand
the role that the conscious experiences associated with emotions play in survival and
adaptation. With which theorist are Dr. Ramos’s views most consistent with?
a. Ivan Pavlov
b. Carl Rogers
c. Edward Titchener
d. William James
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 6 BLM: Higher order
