BIOD 331 Exam 2
BIOD 331 EXAM 2 NEWEST 2025 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
What is the benefit of specialized cells being unable to take on the structural and functional
characteristics of other cell types? - ANSWER-It ensures that the integrity and composition of
developing organs is maintained and free from differing cell types
What happens when specialized cells are unable to divide? - ANSWER-They rely on parent cells
of the same lineage that are still able to divide
Stem cells, unlike progenitor cells, remain incompletely _______ and _______ until they are
needed. - ANSWER-Differentiated; dormant
When a stem cell divides, what happens to its 2 daughter cells? - ANSWER-One retains the stem
cell characteristics while the other becomes a parent cell until it reaches a state of terminal
differentiation
What are 2 important properties of stem cells? - ANSWER-1. Self renewal
2. Potency
What is self renewal as it pertains to stem cells? - ANSWER-Stem cell can undergo many mitotic
divisions while maintaining an undifferentiated state
What is potency as it pertains to stem cells? - ANSWER-The differentiation potential of steem
cells
Pluripotent stem cells can ____________ - ANSWER-Potentially differentiate into any cell type
Multipotent stem cells can ________ - ANSWER-Differentiate into only a few types
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, BIOD 331 Exam 2
Unipotent stem cells are ________ - ANSWER-Restricted to a single cell type but can maintain
self-renewal
What are the 2 classifications of stem cells? - ANSWER-1. Embryonic
2. Adult
Why are embryonic stem cells important? - ANSWER-They give rise to 3 main germ layers
(endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm) which in turn develop into all the organ systems of the body
What do adult stem cells do? - ANSWER-Have a role in homeostasis, contributing to tissue
regeneration and replacement of cells lost to apoptosis
What is cancer? - ANSWER-The unregulated growth of abnormal cells
What is neoplasia? - ANSWER-"New growth". Process of uncontrolled, abnormal growth of cells
or tissues in the body
What is neoplasm? - ANSWER-The new growth itself
Normal tissue growth responds with ________ and ________ - ANSWER-Hypertrophy and
hyperplasia
Neoplasms don't respond to _____ _______ _____ ______ (4 words) - ANSWER-Appropriate
cellular signaling stimuli
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, BIOD 331 Exam 2
Normal tissue renewal and repair requires what 3 things? - ANSWER-Proliferation,
differentiation, and apoptosis
What is proliferation? - ANSWER-Process of cell division. Adaptive process for new cell growth
to replace old cells or when additional cells are needed.
Neoplasms tend to have _______ ______ that cause excessive and uncontrolled proliferation
that is unregulated by normal growth-regulating stimuli. - ANSWER-Genetic abnormalities
What is differentiation? - ANSWER-Process by which cells become more specialized with each
mitotic division
What is apoptosis? - ANSWER-Programmed cell death. Eliminates old, damaged, or unwanted
cells
What are proto-oncogenes? - ANSWER-Cell growth. They encode proteins that signal for the cell
to proliferate
What do tumor suppressor genes do? - ANSWER-Cell death. Encode proteins that inhibit cell
growth and signal (when necessary) for apoptosis
What is the G1 phase of the cell cycle? - ANSWER-DNA synthesis stops while the cell enlarges
and both RNA and protein synthesis begins
What is the S phase of the cell cycle? - ANSWER-DNA synthesis occurs, producing 2 separate
sets of chromosomes one for each daughter cell
What is the G2 phase of the cell cycle? - ANSWER-DNA synthesis again stops while RNA/protein
synthesis continues.
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BIOD 331 EXAM 2 NEWEST 2025 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
What is the benefit of specialized cells being unable to take on the structural and functional
characteristics of other cell types? - ANSWER-It ensures that the integrity and composition of
developing organs is maintained and free from differing cell types
What happens when specialized cells are unable to divide? - ANSWER-They rely on parent cells
of the same lineage that are still able to divide
Stem cells, unlike progenitor cells, remain incompletely _______ and _______ until they are
needed. - ANSWER-Differentiated; dormant
When a stem cell divides, what happens to its 2 daughter cells? - ANSWER-One retains the stem
cell characteristics while the other becomes a parent cell until it reaches a state of terminal
differentiation
What are 2 important properties of stem cells? - ANSWER-1. Self renewal
2. Potency
What is self renewal as it pertains to stem cells? - ANSWER-Stem cell can undergo many mitotic
divisions while maintaining an undifferentiated state
What is potency as it pertains to stem cells? - ANSWER-The differentiation potential of steem
cells
Pluripotent stem cells can ____________ - ANSWER-Potentially differentiate into any cell type
Multipotent stem cells can ________ - ANSWER-Differentiate into only a few types
1|Page
, BIOD 331 Exam 2
Unipotent stem cells are ________ - ANSWER-Restricted to a single cell type but can maintain
self-renewal
What are the 2 classifications of stem cells? - ANSWER-1. Embryonic
2. Adult
Why are embryonic stem cells important? - ANSWER-They give rise to 3 main germ layers
(endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm) which in turn develop into all the organ systems of the body
What do adult stem cells do? - ANSWER-Have a role in homeostasis, contributing to tissue
regeneration and replacement of cells lost to apoptosis
What is cancer? - ANSWER-The unregulated growth of abnormal cells
What is neoplasia? - ANSWER-"New growth". Process of uncontrolled, abnormal growth of cells
or tissues in the body
What is neoplasm? - ANSWER-The new growth itself
Normal tissue growth responds with ________ and ________ - ANSWER-Hypertrophy and
hyperplasia
Neoplasms don't respond to _____ _______ _____ ______ (4 words) - ANSWER-Appropriate
cellular signaling stimuli
2|Page
, BIOD 331 Exam 2
Normal tissue renewal and repair requires what 3 things? - ANSWER-Proliferation,
differentiation, and apoptosis
What is proliferation? - ANSWER-Process of cell division. Adaptive process for new cell growth
to replace old cells or when additional cells are needed.
Neoplasms tend to have _______ ______ that cause excessive and uncontrolled proliferation
that is unregulated by normal growth-regulating stimuli. - ANSWER-Genetic abnormalities
What is differentiation? - ANSWER-Process by which cells become more specialized with each
mitotic division
What is apoptosis? - ANSWER-Programmed cell death. Eliminates old, damaged, or unwanted
cells
What are proto-oncogenes? - ANSWER-Cell growth. They encode proteins that signal for the cell
to proliferate
What do tumor suppressor genes do? - ANSWER-Cell death. Encode proteins that inhibit cell
growth and signal (when necessary) for apoptosis
What is the G1 phase of the cell cycle? - ANSWER-DNA synthesis stops while the cell enlarges
and both RNA and protein synthesis begins
What is the S phase of the cell cycle? - ANSWER-DNA synthesis occurs, producing 2 separate
sets of chromosomes one for each daughter cell
What is the G2 phase of the cell cycle? - ANSWER-DNA synthesis again stops while RNA/protein
synthesis continues.
3|Page
