Adult Health III Exam 1 Questions And
Answers
Active Transport Moves Fluid From Area Of __________ Concentration To ________
Concentration; Uses _________ For Energy. - Ans From Lower Concentration To
Higher Concentration.
Uses ATP For Energy.
What Is Fluid Compared Against To Determine Tonicity? - Ans Serum
Hydrostatic Pressure - Ans The Weight Of The Fluid Against The Walls Of The
Container.
In Human Body, Hydrostatic Pressure = Weight Of Blood Against Vessel Walls + Force
Of Cardiac Contraction.
Osmolality - Ans Number Of Milliosmoles Per Kilogram Of Solvent
Osmolarity - Ans Number Of Milliosmoles Per Liter Of Solution
What Is The Standard Unit Of Osmotic Pressure? - Ans Milliosmoles
Osmotic Pressure - Ans The External Pressure That Must Be Applied To Stop
Osmosis
What Percent Of The Average Adult Is Fluid? - Ans 60%
Tonicity - Ans The Ability Of A Surrounding Solution To Cause A Cell To Gain Or Lose
Water
Loss Of Water And Electrolytes Causes: - Ans Fluid Volume Deficit/Hypovolemia
Forms Of Water And Electrolyte Loss: - Ans Vomiting, Diarrhea, Fistulas, Fever,
Excess Sweating, Burns, Blood Loss, Gastrointestinal Suctioning, Third-Space Fluid
Shifts.
Decreased Volume Intake: - Ans Anorexia, Nausea, Inability To Gain Access To Fluid.
Fluid Volume Deficit/Hypovolemia Signs And Symptoms - Ans Acute Weight Loss,
Decreased Skin Turgor, Oliguria, Concentrated Urine, Capillary Filling Time Prolonged,
Low Central Venous Pressure, Decreased Blood Pressure, Flattened Neck Veins,
, Dizziness, Weakness, Thirst, Confusion, Increased Pulse, Muscle Cramps, Sunken
Eyes, Nausea, Increased Temperature, And Cool, Clammy, Pale Skin.
Labs Associated With Hypovolemia - Ans Increased H&H, Increased Serum & Urine
Osmolality And Specific Gravity, Decreased Urine Sodium, Increased BUN &
Creatinine.
Oral Rehydration Solutions - Ans Rehydralyte, Elete, Cytomax
_____Tonic Fluids Are Prescribed To Increase ECF Volume. - Ans Isotonic
Hypovolemic Fluids (Table 13-5, P. 260) - Ans 0.9% NS/Nacl
Lactated Ringer's
5% Dextrose In Water (D5W)
0.9% NS - Ans - Expands ECF Volume
- For Hypovolemic States, Resuscitation Efforts, Shock, DKA, Metabolic Alkalosis,
Hypercalcemia, Mild Na+ Deficit
- Supplies Excess Of Na+ And Cl-
- CAN CAUSE FLUID VOLUME EXCESS AND HYPERCHLOREMIC ACIDOSIS In
Excessive Volumes
-- Caution In Pts With Renal/Heart Failure, Edema
- Only Solution That May Be Given With Blood Products
- When Mixed With D5W, Becomes Hypertonic
- Tonicity Similar To Plasma
Lactated Ringer's - Ans - Contains Electrolytes In Roughly The Same Concentration
As Plasma
- To Treat Hypovolemia, Burns, Fluid Loss As Bile Or Diarrhea, Acute Blood Loss
Replacement
- Lactate Is Rapidly Metabolized Into HCO3- In The Body. It SHOULD NOT Be Used In
Lactic Acidosis Because This Condition Impairs This Metabolism Ability.
- Don't Give If Ph Is >7.5
- Don't Use With Kidney Injury, Can Cause Hyperkalemia
5% Dextrose In Water (D5W) - Ans - Provides 170 Cal/L, Free Water To Aid In
Excretion Of Solutes
- Used To Treat Hypernatremia, Fluid Loss, Dehydration
- Should Not Be Used In Excessive Volumes In Early Postop Period Because ADH
Secretion Is High Due To Stress Reaction
- Don't Use It Alone To Treat Fluid Loss Because It Dilutes The Electrolytes In Plasma
- Contraindicated In Head Injury, May Increase Intracranial Pressure
- Can Cause Hyperglycemia, Do Not Use In Fluid Resuscitation
- Caution In Renal/Cardiac Disease Pts D/T Risk Of Fluid Overload
- May Cause Peripheral Circulatory Collapse, Anuria W/ Hyponatremia, Increased Body
Fluid Loss
Answers
Active Transport Moves Fluid From Area Of __________ Concentration To ________
Concentration; Uses _________ For Energy. - Ans From Lower Concentration To
Higher Concentration.
Uses ATP For Energy.
What Is Fluid Compared Against To Determine Tonicity? - Ans Serum
Hydrostatic Pressure - Ans The Weight Of The Fluid Against The Walls Of The
Container.
In Human Body, Hydrostatic Pressure = Weight Of Blood Against Vessel Walls + Force
Of Cardiac Contraction.
Osmolality - Ans Number Of Milliosmoles Per Kilogram Of Solvent
Osmolarity - Ans Number Of Milliosmoles Per Liter Of Solution
What Is The Standard Unit Of Osmotic Pressure? - Ans Milliosmoles
Osmotic Pressure - Ans The External Pressure That Must Be Applied To Stop
Osmosis
What Percent Of The Average Adult Is Fluid? - Ans 60%
Tonicity - Ans The Ability Of A Surrounding Solution To Cause A Cell To Gain Or Lose
Water
Loss Of Water And Electrolytes Causes: - Ans Fluid Volume Deficit/Hypovolemia
Forms Of Water And Electrolyte Loss: - Ans Vomiting, Diarrhea, Fistulas, Fever,
Excess Sweating, Burns, Blood Loss, Gastrointestinal Suctioning, Third-Space Fluid
Shifts.
Decreased Volume Intake: - Ans Anorexia, Nausea, Inability To Gain Access To Fluid.
Fluid Volume Deficit/Hypovolemia Signs And Symptoms - Ans Acute Weight Loss,
Decreased Skin Turgor, Oliguria, Concentrated Urine, Capillary Filling Time Prolonged,
Low Central Venous Pressure, Decreased Blood Pressure, Flattened Neck Veins,
, Dizziness, Weakness, Thirst, Confusion, Increased Pulse, Muscle Cramps, Sunken
Eyes, Nausea, Increased Temperature, And Cool, Clammy, Pale Skin.
Labs Associated With Hypovolemia - Ans Increased H&H, Increased Serum & Urine
Osmolality And Specific Gravity, Decreased Urine Sodium, Increased BUN &
Creatinine.
Oral Rehydration Solutions - Ans Rehydralyte, Elete, Cytomax
_____Tonic Fluids Are Prescribed To Increase ECF Volume. - Ans Isotonic
Hypovolemic Fluids (Table 13-5, P. 260) - Ans 0.9% NS/Nacl
Lactated Ringer's
5% Dextrose In Water (D5W)
0.9% NS - Ans - Expands ECF Volume
- For Hypovolemic States, Resuscitation Efforts, Shock, DKA, Metabolic Alkalosis,
Hypercalcemia, Mild Na+ Deficit
- Supplies Excess Of Na+ And Cl-
- CAN CAUSE FLUID VOLUME EXCESS AND HYPERCHLOREMIC ACIDOSIS In
Excessive Volumes
-- Caution In Pts With Renal/Heart Failure, Edema
- Only Solution That May Be Given With Blood Products
- When Mixed With D5W, Becomes Hypertonic
- Tonicity Similar To Plasma
Lactated Ringer's - Ans - Contains Electrolytes In Roughly The Same Concentration
As Plasma
- To Treat Hypovolemia, Burns, Fluid Loss As Bile Or Diarrhea, Acute Blood Loss
Replacement
- Lactate Is Rapidly Metabolized Into HCO3- In The Body. It SHOULD NOT Be Used In
Lactic Acidosis Because This Condition Impairs This Metabolism Ability.
- Don't Give If Ph Is >7.5
- Don't Use With Kidney Injury, Can Cause Hyperkalemia
5% Dextrose In Water (D5W) - Ans - Provides 170 Cal/L, Free Water To Aid In
Excretion Of Solutes
- Used To Treat Hypernatremia, Fluid Loss, Dehydration
- Should Not Be Used In Excessive Volumes In Early Postop Period Because ADH
Secretion Is High Due To Stress Reaction
- Don't Use It Alone To Treat Fluid Loss Because It Dilutes The Electrolytes In Plasma
- Contraindicated In Head Injury, May Increase Intracranial Pressure
- Can Cause Hyperglycemia, Do Not Use In Fluid Resuscitation
- Caution In Renal/Cardiac Disease Pts D/T Risk Of Fluid Overload
- May Cause Peripheral Circulatory Collapse, Anuria W/ Hyponatremia, Increased Body
Fluid Loss
