Nurs 611 Exam 4 Advanced Pathophysiology (Maryville University)
NURS 611 EXAM 4 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (MARYVILLE
UNIVERSITY) NEWEST 2025 COMPLETE 300 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
What are the cardinal symptoms of small intestinal obstruction?
A. Constant, dull pain in the lower abdomen relieved by defecation
B. Acute, intermittent pain 30 minutes to 2 hours after eatings
C. Colicky pain caused by distention, followed by vomiting
D. Excruciating pain in the hypogastric area caused by ischemia - ANSWER-Colicky pain caused
by distention followed by vomiting.
What is the primary cause of peptic ulcers?
A. Hypersecretion of gastric acid
B. Helicobacter pylori
C. Hyposecretion of pepsin
D. Esherichia coli - ANSWER-Helicobacter pylori
A peptic ulcer may occur in all of the following areas except the:
A: Stomach
B: Jejunum
C: Duodenum
D: Esophagus - ANSWER-Jejunum
After a partial gastrectomy or pyloroplasty, clinical manifestations that include increased pulse,
hypotension, weakness, pallor, sweating, and dizziness are the results of which mechanism?
a.
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, Nurs 611 Exam 4 Advanced Pathophysiology (Maryville University)
Anaphylactic reaction in which chemical mediators, such as histamine, prostaglandins, and
leukotrienes, relax vascular smooth muscles, causing shock
b.
Postoperative hemorrhage during which a large volume of blood is lost, causing hypotension
with compensatory tachycardia
c.
Concentrated bolus that moves from the stomach into the small intestine, causing
hyperglycemia and resulting in polyuria and eventually hypovolemic shock
d.
Rapid gastric emptying and the creation of a high osmotic gradient in the small intestine,
causing a sudden shift of fluid from the blood vessels to the intestinal lumen - ANSWER-D.
Dumping syndrome occurs with varying severity in 5% to 10% of individuals who have
undergone partial gastrectomy or pyloroplasty. Rapid gastric emptying and the creation of a
high osmotic gradient in the small intestine cause a sudden shift of fluid from the vascular
compartment to the intestional lumen. Plasma volume decreases, causing vasomotor
responses, such increased pulse rate, hypotension, weakness, pallor, sweating, and dizziness.
Rapid distention of the intestine produces a feeling of epigastric fullness, cramping, nausea,
vomiting, and diarrhea.
Which statement is consistent with dumping syndrome?
A: Dumping syndrome usually responds well to dietary management.
B. It occurs 1 to 2 hours after eating.
C. Constipation is often a result of the dumping syndrome.
D. It can result in alkaline reflux gastritis. - ANSWER-Usually responds well to dietary
management.
Which statement is false regarding the sources of increased ammonia that contribute to hepatic
encephalopathy?
A. End products of intestinal protein digestion are sources of increased ammonia.
B. Digested blood leaking from ruptured varices in a course of increased ammonia.
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, Nurs 611 Exam 4 Advanced Pathophysiology (Maryville University)
C. Accumulation of short-chain fatty acids that are attached to ammonia is a course of increased
ammonia.
D. Ammonia-forming bacteria in the colon are sources of increased ammonia. - ANSWER-The
accumulation of short-chain fatty acids, serotonin, tryptophan, and false neurotransmitters
probably contributes to neural derangements and is not associated with ammonia levels. The
other options provide accurate information regarding how the courses of ammonia contribute
to hepatic encephalopathy.
Which statement is false regarding the pathophysiologic process of acute pancreatitis?
A.
B.
C. Acute pancreatitis is an autoimmune disease in which immunoglobin G (IgG) coats the
pancreatic acinar cells; consequently, the pancreatic enzymes destroy the cells.
D. - ANSWER-C. The false answer is C. The backup of the pancreatic secretions and the
activation and release of enzymes (activated trypsin activates chymotrypsin, lipase, and
elastase) within the pancreatic acinar cells cause acute pancreatitis, an obstructive disease. The
activated enzymes cause autodigestion (e.g., proteolysis, lipolysis) of the pancreatic cells and
tissues, resulting in inflammation. Acute pancreatitis is usually a mild disease and spontaneously
resolves; however, approximately 20% of those with the disease develop severe pancreatitis
that requires hospitalization. Pancreatitis develops because of a blockage to the outflow of
pancreatic digestive enzymes caused by bile duct or pancreatic duct obstruction (e.g.,
gallstones). Acute pancreatitis can also result from direct cellular injury drugs or viral infection.
Obesity is defined as a body weight more than ________ percent above the ideal body weight
for an individual.
A. 22
B. 28
C. 25
D. 30 - ANSWER-D. 30 - Obesity is an energy imbalance with caloric intake exceeding energy
expenditure, and is defined as BMI greater than 30
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, Nurs 611 Exam 4 Advanced Pathophysiology (Maryville University)
Which are the early (prodromal) clinical manifestations of hepatitis?
A. Fatigue
B. Vomiting
C. Itching
D. Splenomegaly
E. Hyperalgia - ANSWER-A, B, E.
The prodromal (preicteric) phase of hepatitis begins approximately two weeks after exposure
and ends with the appearance of jaundice. Fatigue, anorexia, malaise, nausea, vomiting,
headache, hyperalgia, cough, low-grade fever, and prodromal symptoms that precede the onset
of jaundice.
Acute unilateral renal obstruction and hypertension are caused by - ANSWER-Renal stones
most common type of kidney stone - ANSWER-Calcium oxalate
Amount of cardiac output that kidneys expect to receive - ANSWER-20-25%
Passage of kidney stones can be extremely painful and cause referred pain to where? -
ANSWER-Umbilicus area
The kidney stones are often jagged, so what ends up happening is that they get stuck in what? -
ANSWER-The ureters
When that kidney stone gets stuck in the ureter, what does it obstruct? - ANSWER-Urine flow
4|Page
NURS 611 EXAM 4 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (MARYVILLE
UNIVERSITY) NEWEST 2025 COMPLETE 300 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
What are the cardinal symptoms of small intestinal obstruction?
A. Constant, dull pain in the lower abdomen relieved by defecation
B. Acute, intermittent pain 30 minutes to 2 hours after eatings
C. Colicky pain caused by distention, followed by vomiting
D. Excruciating pain in the hypogastric area caused by ischemia - ANSWER-Colicky pain caused
by distention followed by vomiting.
What is the primary cause of peptic ulcers?
A. Hypersecretion of gastric acid
B. Helicobacter pylori
C. Hyposecretion of pepsin
D. Esherichia coli - ANSWER-Helicobacter pylori
A peptic ulcer may occur in all of the following areas except the:
A: Stomach
B: Jejunum
C: Duodenum
D: Esophagus - ANSWER-Jejunum
After a partial gastrectomy or pyloroplasty, clinical manifestations that include increased pulse,
hypotension, weakness, pallor, sweating, and dizziness are the results of which mechanism?
a.
1|Page
, Nurs 611 Exam 4 Advanced Pathophysiology (Maryville University)
Anaphylactic reaction in which chemical mediators, such as histamine, prostaglandins, and
leukotrienes, relax vascular smooth muscles, causing shock
b.
Postoperative hemorrhage during which a large volume of blood is lost, causing hypotension
with compensatory tachycardia
c.
Concentrated bolus that moves from the stomach into the small intestine, causing
hyperglycemia and resulting in polyuria and eventually hypovolemic shock
d.
Rapid gastric emptying and the creation of a high osmotic gradient in the small intestine,
causing a sudden shift of fluid from the blood vessels to the intestinal lumen - ANSWER-D.
Dumping syndrome occurs with varying severity in 5% to 10% of individuals who have
undergone partial gastrectomy or pyloroplasty. Rapid gastric emptying and the creation of a
high osmotic gradient in the small intestine cause a sudden shift of fluid from the vascular
compartment to the intestional lumen. Plasma volume decreases, causing vasomotor
responses, such increased pulse rate, hypotension, weakness, pallor, sweating, and dizziness.
Rapid distention of the intestine produces a feeling of epigastric fullness, cramping, nausea,
vomiting, and diarrhea.
Which statement is consistent with dumping syndrome?
A: Dumping syndrome usually responds well to dietary management.
B. It occurs 1 to 2 hours after eating.
C. Constipation is often a result of the dumping syndrome.
D. It can result in alkaline reflux gastritis. - ANSWER-Usually responds well to dietary
management.
Which statement is false regarding the sources of increased ammonia that contribute to hepatic
encephalopathy?
A. End products of intestinal protein digestion are sources of increased ammonia.
B. Digested blood leaking from ruptured varices in a course of increased ammonia.
2|Page
, Nurs 611 Exam 4 Advanced Pathophysiology (Maryville University)
C. Accumulation of short-chain fatty acids that are attached to ammonia is a course of increased
ammonia.
D. Ammonia-forming bacteria in the colon are sources of increased ammonia. - ANSWER-The
accumulation of short-chain fatty acids, serotonin, tryptophan, and false neurotransmitters
probably contributes to neural derangements and is not associated with ammonia levels. The
other options provide accurate information regarding how the courses of ammonia contribute
to hepatic encephalopathy.
Which statement is false regarding the pathophysiologic process of acute pancreatitis?
A.
B.
C. Acute pancreatitis is an autoimmune disease in which immunoglobin G (IgG) coats the
pancreatic acinar cells; consequently, the pancreatic enzymes destroy the cells.
D. - ANSWER-C. The false answer is C. The backup of the pancreatic secretions and the
activation and release of enzymes (activated trypsin activates chymotrypsin, lipase, and
elastase) within the pancreatic acinar cells cause acute pancreatitis, an obstructive disease. The
activated enzymes cause autodigestion (e.g., proteolysis, lipolysis) of the pancreatic cells and
tissues, resulting in inflammation. Acute pancreatitis is usually a mild disease and spontaneously
resolves; however, approximately 20% of those with the disease develop severe pancreatitis
that requires hospitalization. Pancreatitis develops because of a blockage to the outflow of
pancreatic digestive enzymes caused by bile duct or pancreatic duct obstruction (e.g.,
gallstones). Acute pancreatitis can also result from direct cellular injury drugs or viral infection.
Obesity is defined as a body weight more than ________ percent above the ideal body weight
for an individual.
A. 22
B. 28
C. 25
D. 30 - ANSWER-D. 30 - Obesity is an energy imbalance with caloric intake exceeding energy
expenditure, and is defined as BMI greater than 30
3|Page
, Nurs 611 Exam 4 Advanced Pathophysiology (Maryville University)
Which are the early (prodromal) clinical manifestations of hepatitis?
A. Fatigue
B. Vomiting
C. Itching
D. Splenomegaly
E. Hyperalgia - ANSWER-A, B, E.
The prodromal (preicteric) phase of hepatitis begins approximately two weeks after exposure
and ends with the appearance of jaundice. Fatigue, anorexia, malaise, nausea, vomiting,
headache, hyperalgia, cough, low-grade fever, and prodromal symptoms that precede the onset
of jaundice.
Acute unilateral renal obstruction and hypertension are caused by - ANSWER-Renal stones
most common type of kidney stone - ANSWER-Calcium oxalate
Amount of cardiac output that kidneys expect to receive - ANSWER-20-25%
Passage of kidney stones can be extremely painful and cause referred pain to where? -
ANSWER-Umbilicus area
The kidney stones are often jagged, so what ends up happening is that they get stuck in what? -
ANSWER-The ureters
When that kidney stone gets stuck in the ureter, what does it obstruct? - ANSWER-Urine flow
4|Page
