3- Chemistry of
Carbohydrates
Dr .HAM Ibrahim
, Carbohydrates
• Carbohydrates are a large family of naturally occurring
compounds including sugars, starches, and cellulose, as
well as materials found in bacterial cell walls and other
organisms
• . Carbohydrates, in general, contain a C-C skeletal
monomers bearing C=O and OH (and sometimes NH2)
functional groups.
• These skeletal monomers form polymers through a C-O-C
linkage. Carbohydrates can also be called saccharides, a
general word derived from the Latin word for sugar.
• The nomenclature of sugars uses the suffix, or word
name ending, -ose to indicate a sugar e.g., : glucose.
, Carbohydrates
❖Carbohydrates are polyhydroxyl aldehyde or polyhydroxyl
Ketone and their polymers or their derivatives (hydrates of
carbons)
❖Carbohydrates contain the elements:
▪Carbon
▪Hydrogen
▪Oxygen
❖ carb = carbon hyde = water
Carbohydrates = carbon+ water
, General formula = CHO (like H2O)
I
(CH2O)n or H - C - OH
I
Carbohydrates also called (glycans)
Carbohydrates
Dr .HAM Ibrahim
, Carbohydrates
• Carbohydrates are a large family of naturally occurring
compounds including sugars, starches, and cellulose, as
well as materials found in bacterial cell walls and other
organisms
• . Carbohydrates, in general, contain a C-C skeletal
monomers bearing C=O and OH (and sometimes NH2)
functional groups.
• These skeletal monomers form polymers through a C-O-C
linkage. Carbohydrates can also be called saccharides, a
general word derived from the Latin word for sugar.
• The nomenclature of sugars uses the suffix, or word
name ending, -ose to indicate a sugar e.g., : glucose.
, Carbohydrates
❖Carbohydrates are polyhydroxyl aldehyde or polyhydroxyl
Ketone and their polymers or their derivatives (hydrates of
carbons)
❖Carbohydrates contain the elements:
▪Carbon
▪Hydrogen
▪Oxygen
❖ carb = carbon hyde = water
Carbohydrates = carbon+ water
, General formula = CHO (like H2O)
I
(CH2O)n or H - C - OH
I
Carbohydrates also called (glycans)
