HMX Pharmacology Exam Study Guide Questions
And Answers Verified 100% Correct
The cytochrome__ (CYP) enzymes are involved in the metabolism of
approximately 75% of drugs currently used, and is part of phase 1 of metabolism
of a drug - ANSWER -P450
The drugs and metabolites that are filtered out from the blood by glomerular
filtration are generally __ in size and have __ molecular weight, and are __ to the
blood proteins - ANSWER -small, low, undound
Glomerular filtration uses mostly __ diffusion to transport the metabolites from
the blood to the filtrate - ANSWER -pasive
If the drug is not filtered through the glomerular filtration it will cntinue in the
blood vessel and be secreted into the proximal tubule of the nephrone, this is
called: __ - ANSWER -tubular secretion
__ of a drug or metabolite in the kidneys refers to the movement of the drug or
metabolite from the filtrate back into the plasma - ANSWER -reabsorption
In the nephron, glomerular capillaries allow drug molecules with a molecular
weight of less than __ Da to pass into the filtrate. - ANSWER -20,000
__ is the volume of plasma cleared of a drug per unit of time - ANSWER -Total
body clearence
The clearence of a drug is calculated dividing the __ mg/min by the __ mg/ml and
is expresed as ml/min - ANSWER -rate of elimination by the concentration of drug
in the plasma
The __ water soluble is a drug, it is cleared faster from the plasma - ANSWER -
more
Elimination of a drug can follow __ order kinetics and __ order kinetics -
ANSWER -first, zero
For __ order kinetics, the elimination rate is proportional to the concentration of
drug in the plasma - ANSWER -First
,Most drugs will follow __ order kinetics for elimination - ANSWER -First
In __ order kinetics, the rate of elimination of a drug does not increase, even if the
concentration of a drug in the plasma increases - ANSWER -Zero
Alcohol follows __ order kinetics, so no matter if the concentration in plasma
increases the elimination rate will be the same leading toxicity. - ANSWER -Zero
For all drugs that follow first order kinetics, if given above the therapeutic dose,
they will follow __ order kinetics - ANSWER -Zero
In __ order kinetics the 1/2 life of the drug is constant. Meaning that a constant
fraction of the drug is eliminated per unit time. - ANSWER -First
In __ order kinetics the 1/2 life of the drug is not constant. Meaning a constant
amount of drug is eliminated per unit time. - ANSWER -Zero
Therapeutic dosing seeks to maintain the concentration of drug in the plasma __ a
minimally effective concentration but__ toxic concentration - ANSWER -above,
below
A macromulecule that, when bound by specific signaling molecules, produces a
downstream molecular response. - ANSWER -receptor
An __ is a protein that catalyzes (accelerates) a biochemical reaction in the body -
ANSWER -enzyme
Receptors are most often found within the cell __ and only specific signaling
molecules, or groups of molecules, can bind to a given receptor. - ANSWER -
Membrane
A protein in the cell membrane that selectively and passively allows the
movement of specific ions across the membrane - ANSWER -ion channel
A __ is a molecule or substance that binds to a biological molecule and produces
or initiates a biological response. - ANSWER -ligand
A __ is a type of carrier protein found in the cell membrane that assists in the
movement of molecules across the membrane - ANSWER -transporter
, In the classical therapeutic approach the molecular target is most often cellular
proteins which are __, __, __, __. - ANSWER -receptors, enzymes, ion channels,
transporters
The classic therapeutic approach is more often used by __ molecule drugs -
ANSWER -small
The __ iron channels are considered receptors, as they only open when one or
more ligands or drugs are bound - ANSWER -ligand_gated iron channels
(inotropic receptor)
The ligand-gated iron channels (inotropic receptor) are found within the cell __ -
ANSWER -membrane
The __ is the time between a ligand or a drug binds to the receptor and a
conformational change occurs - ANSWER -effect time
The effect time of ligand-gated iron channels is in __ - ANSWER -miliseconds
The G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) are found on the __ of the cell -
ANSWER -membrane
The effect time of the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) is in __ - ANSWER -
seconds
The __ receptors constitude the largest family of receptors found in the body -
ANSWER -G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR)
More than __% of the drug on the market are drugs targeting __ receptors -
ANSWER -G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR)
__ and __ have the fastest effect time in the receptors superfamilies - ANSWER -
Ligand-gated iron channels (inotropic receptor) and G protein-coupled receptors
(GPCR)
The effect time of the kinase-linked receptors are __ - ANSWER -hours
The nuclear receptors are found __ the cell - ANSWER -within
And Answers Verified 100% Correct
The cytochrome__ (CYP) enzymes are involved in the metabolism of
approximately 75% of drugs currently used, and is part of phase 1 of metabolism
of a drug - ANSWER -P450
The drugs and metabolites that are filtered out from the blood by glomerular
filtration are generally __ in size and have __ molecular weight, and are __ to the
blood proteins - ANSWER -small, low, undound
Glomerular filtration uses mostly __ diffusion to transport the metabolites from
the blood to the filtrate - ANSWER -pasive
If the drug is not filtered through the glomerular filtration it will cntinue in the
blood vessel and be secreted into the proximal tubule of the nephrone, this is
called: __ - ANSWER -tubular secretion
__ of a drug or metabolite in the kidneys refers to the movement of the drug or
metabolite from the filtrate back into the plasma - ANSWER -reabsorption
In the nephron, glomerular capillaries allow drug molecules with a molecular
weight of less than __ Da to pass into the filtrate. - ANSWER -20,000
__ is the volume of plasma cleared of a drug per unit of time - ANSWER -Total
body clearence
The clearence of a drug is calculated dividing the __ mg/min by the __ mg/ml and
is expresed as ml/min - ANSWER -rate of elimination by the concentration of drug
in the plasma
The __ water soluble is a drug, it is cleared faster from the plasma - ANSWER -
more
Elimination of a drug can follow __ order kinetics and __ order kinetics -
ANSWER -first, zero
For __ order kinetics, the elimination rate is proportional to the concentration of
drug in the plasma - ANSWER -First
,Most drugs will follow __ order kinetics for elimination - ANSWER -First
In __ order kinetics, the rate of elimination of a drug does not increase, even if the
concentration of a drug in the plasma increases - ANSWER -Zero
Alcohol follows __ order kinetics, so no matter if the concentration in plasma
increases the elimination rate will be the same leading toxicity. - ANSWER -Zero
For all drugs that follow first order kinetics, if given above the therapeutic dose,
they will follow __ order kinetics - ANSWER -Zero
In __ order kinetics the 1/2 life of the drug is constant. Meaning that a constant
fraction of the drug is eliminated per unit time. - ANSWER -First
In __ order kinetics the 1/2 life of the drug is not constant. Meaning a constant
amount of drug is eliminated per unit time. - ANSWER -Zero
Therapeutic dosing seeks to maintain the concentration of drug in the plasma __ a
minimally effective concentration but__ toxic concentration - ANSWER -above,
below
A macromulecule that, when bound by specific signaling molecules, produces a
downstream molecular response. - ANSWER -receptor
An __ is a protein that catalyzes (accelerates) a biochemical reaction in the body -
ANSWER -enzyme
Receptors are most often found within the cell __ and only specific signaling
molecules, or groups of molecules, can bind to a given receptor. - ANSWER -
Membrane
A protein in the cell membrane that selectively and passively allows the
movement of specific ions across the membrane - ANSWER -ion channel
A __ is a molecule or substance that binds to a biological molecule and produces
or initiates a biological response. - ANSWER -ligand
A __ is a type of carrier protein found in the cell membrane that assists in the
movement of molecules across the membrane - ANSWER -transporter
, In the classical therapeutic approach the molecular target is most often cellular
proteins which are __, __, __, __. - ANSWER -receptors, enzymes, ion channels,
transporters
The classic therapeutic approach is more often used by __ molecule drugs -
ANSWER -small
The __ iron channels are considered receptors, as they only open when one or
more ligands or drugs are bound - ANSWER -ligand_gated iron channels
(inotropic receptor)
The ligand-gated iron channels (inotropic receptor) are found within the cell __ -
ANSWER -membrane
The __ is the time between a ligand or a drug binds to the receptor and a
conformational change occurs - ANSWER -effect time
The effect time of ligand-gated iron channels is in __ - ANSWER -miliseconds
The G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) are found on the __ of the cell -
ANSWER -membrane
The effect time of the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) is in __ - ANSWER -
seconds
The __ receptors constitude the largest family of receptors found in the body -
ANSWER -G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR)
More than __% of the drug on the market are drugs targeting __ receptors -
ANSWER -G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR)
__ and __ have the fastest effect time in the receptors superfamilies - ANSWER -
Ligand-gated iron channels (inotropic receptor) and G protein-coupled receptors
(GPCR)
The effect time of the kinase-linked receptors are __ - ANSWER -hours
The nuclear receptors are found __ the cell - ANSWER -within
