HESI Med Surg V1 Exit Exam 2025 – Real
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Adult Nursing Care (20 Questions)
Question 1: Multiple-Choice
A nurse is caring for a 68-year-old patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
experiencing dyspnea. Which intervention is the priority?
A. Administer bronchodilators
B. Place in high Fowler’s position
C. Encourage pursed-lip breathing
D. Administer supplemental oxygen
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Supplemental oxygen is the priority for a COPD patient with dyspnea to correct
hypoxemia, which can be life-threatening. Bronchodilators (A), positioning (B), and breathing
techniques (C) are important but secondary to ensuring adequate oxygenation.
Question 2: Select-All-That-Apply
Which findings indicate worsening heart failure in a 55-year-old patient? (Select all that apply.)
A. Weight gain of 3 pounds in 2 days
B. Decreased blood pressure
C. Crackles in lung bases
D. Clear lung sounds
Correct Answers: A, C
Rationale: Weight gain (A) indicates fluid retention, and crackles (C) suggest pulmonary edema,
both signs of worsening heart failure. Decreased blood pressure (B) is not specific, and clear
lung sounds (D) indicate no fluid overload.
Question 3: Multiple-Choice
A 60-year-old patient with diabetes mellitus reports numbness in their feet. What is the nurse’s
priority action?
A. Check blood glucose levels
B. Inspect feet for wounds
C. Administer insulin
,D. Encourage ambulation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Numbness suggests peripheral neuropathy, increasing the risk of undetected foot
injuries. Inspecting feet (B) is the priority to prevent complications like ulcers. Glucose checks
(A), insulin (C), and ambulation (D) are secondary.
Question 4: Case Study (Enhanced Hot Spot)
Scenario: A 72-year-old patient with hypertension presents with chest pain, BP 180/100 mmHg,
and HR 110 bpm.
Question: Highlight the priority nursing action.
A. Administer nitroglycerin as prescribed
B. Obtain a 12-lead ECG
C. Encourage deep breathing
D. Monitor vital signs
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chest pain with elevated BP and HR suggests a possible acute coronary syndrome.
Obtaining an ECG (B) is the priority to assess for cardiac ischemia. Nitroglycerin (A), breathing
(C), and monitoring (D) are secondary.
Question 5: Multiple-Choice
A nurse is caring for a 45-year-old patient with pneumonia. Which assessment finding requires
immediate intervention?
A. Temperature of 100.4°F
B. Oxygen saturation of 88%
C. Productive cough with green sputum
D. Heart rate of 90 bpm
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: An oxygen saturation of 88% indicates hypoxemia, requiring immediate oxygen
therapy. Fever (A), cough (C), and heart rate (D) are concerning but less urgent.
Question 6: Select-All-That-Apply
Which interventions are appropriate for a 50-year-old with acute pancreatitis? (Select all that
apply.)
A. Maintain NPO status
B. Administer IV fluids
C. Encourage a high-fat diet
D. Monitor for abdominal pain
Correct Answers: A, B, D
Rationale: NPO status (A) rests the pancreas, IV fluids (B) correct dehydration, and monitoring
pain (D) assesses severity. A high-fat diet (C) worsens pancreatitis.
Question 7: Multiple-Choice
, A 65-year-old patient with atrial fibrillation is prescribed warfarin. What is the priority teaching
point?
A. Avoid green leafy vegetables
B. Monitor for signs of bleeding
C. Take with a high-fat meal
D. Discontinue if bruising occurs
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Warfarin increases bleeding risk, so monitoring for bleeding (B) is critical. Green
vegetables (A) require consistent intake, not avoidance; warfarin is taken regardless of meals
(C), and discontinuation (D) requires provider consultation.
Question 8: Multiple-Choice
A nurse is caring for a 70-year-old with a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. What is the priority
education topic?
A. Exercise routines
B. Blood glucose monitoring
C. Foot care
D. Dietary preferences
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Blood glucose monitoring (B) is essential for managing type 2 diabetes and
preventing complications. Exercise (A), foot care (C), and diet (D) are important but secondary.
Question 9: Multiple-Choice
A 58-year-old patient with cirrhosis reports confusion. What is the nurse’s priority action?
A. Administer diuretics
B. Assess for hepatic encephalopathy
C. Encourage a high-protein diet
D. Restrict fluid intake
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Confusion in cirrhosis suggests hepatic encephalopathy due to ammonia buildup,
requiring immediate assessment (B). Diuretics (A), high-protein diets (C), and fluid restriction
(D) may worsen the condition.
Question 10: Select-All-That-Apply
Which findings indicate a urinary tract infection in a 62-year-old patient? (Select all that apply.)
A. Burning on urination
B. Clear urine
C. Fever of 101°F
D. Suprapubic pain
Correct Answers: A, C, D
Rationale: Burning (A), fever (C), and suprapubic pain (D) are classic UTI symptoms. Clear
urine (B) suggests no infection.
Exam Questions | Verified Expert Answers
| 100% Graded A+ and Updated
Adult Nursing Care (20 Questions)
Question 1: Multiple-Choice
A nurse is caring for a 68-year-old patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
experiencing dyspnea. Which intervention is the priority?
A. Administer bronchodilators
B. Place in high Fowler’s position
C. Encourage pursed-lip breathing
D. Administer supplemental oxygen
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Supplemental oxygen is the priority for a COPD patient with dyspnea to correct
hypoxemia, which can be life-threatening. Bronchodilators (A), positioning (B), and breathing
techniques (C) are important but secondary to ensuring adequate oxygenation.
Question 2: Select-All-That-Apply
Which findings indicate worsening heart failure in a 55-year-old patient? (Select all that apply.)
A. Weight gain of 3 pounds in 2 days
B. Decreased blood pressure
C. Crackles in lung bases
D. Clear lung sounds
Correct Answers: A, C
Rationale: Weight gain (A) indicates fluid retention, and crackles (C) suggest pulmonary edema,
both signs of worsening heart failure. Decreased blood pressure (B) is not specific, and clear
lung sounds (D) indicate no fluid overload.
Question 3: Multiple-Choice
A 60-year-old patient with diabetes mellitus reports numbness in their feet. What is the nurse’s
priority action?
A. Check blood glucose levels
B. Inspect feet for wounds
C. Administer insulin
,D. Encourage ambulation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Numbness suggests peripheral neuropathy, increasing the risk of undetected foot
injuries. Inspecting feet (B) is the priority to prevent complications like ulcers. Glucose checks
(A), insulin (C), and ambulation (D) are secondary.
Question 4: Case Study (Enhanced Hot Spot)
Scenario: A 72-year-old patient with hypertension presents with chest pain, BP 180/100 mmHg,
and HR 110 bpm.
Question: Highlight the priority nursing action.
A. Administer nitroglycerin as prescribed
B. Obtain a 12-lead ECG
C. Encourage deep breathing
D. Monitor vital signs
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chest pain with elevated BP and HR suggests a possible acute coronary syndrome.
Obtaining an ECG (B) is the priority to assess for cardiac ischemia. Nitroglycerin (A), breathing
(C), and monitoring (D) are secondary.
Question 5: Multiple-Choice
A nurse is caring for a 45-year-old patient with pneumonia. Which assessment finding requires
immediate intervention?
A. Temperature of 100.4°F
B. Oxygen saturation of 88%
C. Productive cough with green sputum
D. Heart rate of 90 bpm
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: An oxygen saturation of 88% indicates hypoxemia, requiring immediate oxygen
therapy. Fever (A), cough (C), and heart rate (D) are concerning but less urgent.
Question 6: Select-All-That-Apply
Which interventions are appropriate for a 50-year-old with acute pancreatitis? (Select all that
apply.)
A. Maintain NPO status
B. Administer IV fluids
C. Encourage a high-fat diet
D. Monitor for abdominal pain
Correct Answers: A, B, D
Rationale: NPO status (A) rests the pancreas, IV fluids (B) correct dehydration, and monitoring
pain (D) assesses severity. A high-fat diet (C) worsens pancreatitis.
Question 7: Multiple-Choice
, A 65-year-old patient with atrial fibrillation is prescribed warfarin. What is the priority teaching
point?
A. Avoid green leafy vegetables
B. Monitor for signs of bleeding
C. Take with a high-fat meal
D. Discontinue if bruising occurs
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Warfarin increases bleeding risk, so monitoring for bleeding (B) is critical. Green
vegetables (A) require consistent intake, not avoidance; warfarin is taken regardless of meals
(C), and discontinuation (D) requires provider consultation.
Question 8: Multiple-Choice
A nurse is caring for a 70-year-old with a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. What is the priority
education topic?
A. Exercise routines
B. Blood glucose monitoring
C. Foot care
D. Dietary preferences
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Blood glucose monitoring (B) is essential for managing type 2 diabetes and
preventing complications. Exercise (A), foot care (C), and diet (D) are important but secondary.
Question 9: Multiple-Choice
A 58-year-old patient with cirrhosis reports confusion. What is the nurse’s priority action?
A. Administer diuretics
B. Assess for hepatic encephalopathy
C. Encourage a high-protein diet
D. Restrict fluid intake
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Confusion in cirrhosis suggests hepatic encephalopathy due to ammonia buildup,
requiring immediate assessment (B). Diuretics (A), high-protein diets (C), and fluid restriction
(D) may worsen the condition.
Question 10: Select-All-That-Apply
Which findings indicate a urinary tract infection in a 62-year-old patient? (Select all that apply.)
A. Burning on urination
B. Clear urine
C. Fever of 101°F
D. Suprapubic pain
Correct Answers: A, C, D
Rationale: Burning (A), fever (C), and suprapubic pain (D) are classic UTI symptoms. Clear
urine (B) suggests no infection.
