Regis NU-713 Final Exam Questions with
correct answers
Kaplan-Meier |Method |formula |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |simplest |way |of |computing |the |
survival |over |time |in |spite |of |all |these |difficulties |associated |with |subjects |or |situations. |For |
each |time |interval, |survival |probability |is |calculated |as |the |number |of |subjects |surviving |
divided |by |the |number |of |patients |at |risk
Information |bias |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |means |for |obtaining |information |about |subjects |
is |inadequate, |and |outcomes |are |incorrect
Surveillance |bias |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-May |result |in |erroneous |estimates |of |the |relative |
risk |or |odds |ratio |by |paying |closer |attention |to |a |monitored |population
It |has |been |suggested |that |physicians |may |examine |women |who |use |oral |contraceptives |more |
often |or |more |thoroughly |than |women |who |do |not. |If |so, |and |if |an |association |is |observed |
between |phlebitis |and |oral |contraceptive |use, |the |association |may |be |due |to: |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-surveillance |bias
Bias |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Any |systematic |error |in |the |design, |conduct, |or |analysis |of |a |
study |that |results |in |a |mistaken |estimate |of |an |exposure's |effect |on |the |risk |of |disease
Selection |bias |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |focus |on |effects |rather |than |causes, |which |can |lead |
to |inaccurate |conclusions |about |correlation |or |causation
USPSTF |Grade |A |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |USPSTF |recommends |the |service. |There |is |high |
certainty |that |the |net |benefit |is |substantial. |Offer |or |provide |this |service.
, USPSTF |Grade |B |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |USPSTF |recommends |the |service. |There |is |high |
certainty |that |the |net |benefit |is |moderate |or |there |is |moderate |certainty |that |the |net |benefit |
is |moderate |to |substantial. |Offer |or |provide |this |service.
USPSTF |Grade |C |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |USPSTF |recommends |selectively |offering |or |
providing |this |service |to |individual |patients |based |on |professional |judgment |and |patient |
preferences. |There |is |at |least |moderate |certainty |that |the |net |benefit |is |small. |Offer |or |provide
|this |service |for |selected |patients |depending |on |individual |circumstances.
USPSTF |Grade |D |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |USPSTF |recommends |against |the |service. |There |
is |moderate |or |high |certainty |that |the |service |has |no |net |benefit |or |that |the |harms |outweigh |
the |benefits. |Discourage |the |use |of |this |service.
USPSTF |Grade |I |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |USPSTF |concludes |that |the |current |evidence |is |
insufficient |to |assess |the |balance |of |benefits |and |harms |of |the |service. |Evidence |is |lacking, |of |
poor |quality, |or |conflicting, |and |the |balance |of |benefits |and |harms |cannot |be |determined. |
Read |the |clinical |considerations |section |of |USPSTF |Recommendation |Statement. |If |the |service |
is |offered, |patients |should |understand |the |uncertainty |about |the |balance |of |benefits |and |
harms.
cohort |study |design |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Observational |study |wherein |two |groups, |
exposed |and |unexposed, |are |followed |over |a |period |of |time |until |the |development |of |the |
outcome |of |interest.
A |cohort |study |design |compares |those |exposed |and |those |not |exposed |to |follow |up |on |
________. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |time |in |which |the |disease |developed
randomized |control |trial |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-an |experiment |in |which |participants |are |
randomly |assigned |to |different |conditions |for |the |purpose |of |examining |the |effectiveness |of |
an |intervention
correct answers
Kaplan-Meier |Method |formula |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |simplest |way |of |computing |the |
survival |over |time |in |spite |of |all |these |difficulties |associated |with |subjects |or |situations. |For |
each |time |interval, |survival |probability |is |calculated |as |the |number |of |subjects |surviving |
divided |by |the |number |of |patients |at |risk
Information |bias |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |means |for |obtaining |information |about |subjects |
is |inadequate, |and |outcomes |are |incorrect
Surveillance |bias |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-May |result |in |erroneous |estimates |of |the |relative |
risk |or |odds |ratio |by |paying |closer |attention |to |a |monitored |population
It |has |been |suggested |that |physicians |may |examine |women |who |use |oral |contraceptives |more |
often |or |more |thoroughly |than |women |who |do |not. |If |so, |and |if |an |association |is |observed |
between |phlebitis |and |oral |contraceptive |use, |the |association |may |be |due |to: |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-surveillance |bias
Bias |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Any |systematic |error |in |the |design, |conduct, |or |analysis |of |a |
study |that |results |in |a |mistaken |estimate |of |an |exposure's |effect |on |the |risk |of |disease
Selection |bias |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |focus |on |effects |rather |than |causes, |which |can |lead |
to |inaccurate |conclusions |about |correlation |or |causation
USPSTF |Grade |A |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |USPSTF |recommends |the |service. |There |is |high |
certainty |that |the |net |benefit |is |substantial. |Offer |or |provide |this |service.
, USPSTF |Grade |B |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |USPSTF |recommends |the |service. |There |is |high |
certainty |that |the |net |benefit |is |moderate |or |there |is |moderate |certainty |that |the |net |benefit |
is |moderate |to |substantial. |Offer |or |provide |this |service.
USPSTF |Grade |C |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |USPSTF |recommends |selectively |offering |or |
providing |this |service |to |individual |patients |based |on |professional |judgment |and |patient |
preferences. |There |is |at |least |moderate |certainty |that |the |net |benefit |is |small. |Offer |or |provide
|this |service |for |selected |patients |depending |on |individual |circumstances.
USPSTF |Grade |D |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |USPSTF |recommends |against |the |service. |There |
is |moderate |or |high |certainty |that |the |service |has |no |net |benefit |or |that |the |harms |outweigh |
the |benefits. |Discourage |the |use |of |this |service.
USPSTF |Grade |I |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-The |USPSTF |concludes |that |the |current |evidence |is |
insufficient |to |assess |the |balance |of |benefits |and |harms |of |the |service. |Evidence |is |lacking, |of |
poor |quality, |or |conflicting, |and |the |balance |of |benefits |and |harms |cannot |be |determined. |
Read |the |clinical |considerations |section |of |USPSTF |Recommendation |Statement. |If |the |service |
is |offered, |patients |should |understand |the |uncertainty |about |the |balance |of |benefits |and |
harms.
cohort |study |design |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Observational |study |wherein |two |groups, |
exposed |and |unexposed, |are |followed |over |a |period |of |time |until |the |development |of |the |
outcome |of |interest.
A |cohort |study |design |compares |those |exposed |and |those |not |exposed |to |follow |up |on |
________. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-the |time |in |which |the |disease |developed
randomized |control |trial |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-an |experiment |in |which |participants |are |
randomly |assigned |to |different |conditions |for |the |purpose |of |examining |the |effectiveness |of |
an |intervention
