NR 325 FINAL EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS A+ PASS
What is an ischemic stroke? - stroke caused by blockage or interrupted
blood supply to the brain (Clot blocks oxygen) Ischemic strokes can be
classified as thrombus or embolic strokes.
What is a thrombotic stroke? - injury to the blood vessel wall, causing a
clot to form.
what are the common causes for a thrombolytic stroke? - HTN,
atherosclerosis, TIA
What is an embolic stroke? - A blood clot is created somewhere else in the
body, often in the heart and travels until it is trapped in a smaller vessel
preventing blood to flow.
what is the common cause for embolic stroke? - Atrial - fibrillation
interventions for initial plan of care for a patient with suspected embolic
stroke? - - obtain a STAT CT of the head
- perform a neuro assessment
- prepare to initiate alteplase within 3 hours of onset symptoms.
What is a hemorragic stroke? - abnormal bleeding in the brain due to
rupture in the blood supply. Hemorrhagic stroke can be divided into an
intracerebral or subarachnoid stroke.
What is an intracerebral stroke? - bleeding in the brain
what is an subarachnoid stroke? - bleeding in the space surrounding the
brain
What is s/s of a hemorrhagic stroke? - sudden severe headache,
nausea/vomiting, AMS (altered mental status)
what are causes of hemorrhagic stroke? - aneurysm, AVM, trauma, HTN
what is the treatment for ischemic stroke? - tPA (administer within 3 hours)
/ alteplase
what is the treatment for hemorrhagic stroke? - - mannitol (used for
cerebral edema)
- IV fluids for blood pressure
- surgical intervention, NO anticoagulants or thrombolytics
, What does FAST mean? - F - Facial and smile droop
A - Arm drift
S - Speech impairment
T - Time to call 911 (CT scan immediately)
list risk factors of cardiovascular disease - age (65+), abnormal serum
lipids, HTN, sedentary lifestyle, diabetes, obesity, tobacco abuse, alcohol
What is Cushing's triad? - Irregular respirations, systolic hypertension with
a widening pulse pressure, slow full bounding pulse
what is Cushing's triad a sign of? - brainstem compression and impending
death (indicates increased ICP)
a positive murphy's sign is used to assess for which potential dx? - acute
cholecystitis
What is cholecystitis? - inflammation of the gallbladder wall
What are S&S of cholecystitis? - sever pain in the RUQ that radiates to the
right shoulder, tachycardia, pallor, diaphoresis, fever/chills, jaundice,
indigestion, and restlessness
what are the physical exam findings of cholecystitis? - jaundice, clay-
colored stools, dark urine, and pruritis, abdominal rigidity
what region would be palpated in order to test for Murphey's sign? - right
upper quadrant
what are the s/s of increased ICP? - - Changes in LOC
- decorticate and decerebrate
- body temp changes
- Cushing's triad
- dilation of pupil on same side of injury
- blurred vision
- headache
- decreased O2 (Cheyne-stokes respirations)
what is the normal range for ICP - 5-15 mmHg. if the ICP is 20+ then
that's really bad
how is hepatitis C transmitted? - Through body fluids, primarily blood; IV
drug use
what is the treatment for hepatitis C? - antivirals such as ribavirin
ANSWERS A+ PASS
What is an ischemic stroke? - stroke caused by blockage or interrupted
blood supply to the brain (Clot blocks oxygen) Ischemic strokes can be
classified as thrombus or embolic strokes.
What is a thrombotic stroke? - injury to the blood vessel wall, causing a
clot to form.
what are the common causes for a thrombolytic stroke? - HTN,
atherosclerosis, TIA
What is an embolic stroke? - A blood clot is created somewhere else in the
body, often in the heart and travels until it is trapped in a smaller vessel
preventing blood to flow.
what is the common cause for embolic stroke? - Atrial - fibrillation
interventions for initial plan of care for a patient with suspected embolic
stroke? - - obtain a STAT CT of the head
- perform a neuro assessment
- prepare to initiate alteplase within 3 hours of onset symptoms.
What is a hemorragic stroke? - abnormal bleeding in the brain due to
rupture in the blood supply. Hemorrhagic stroke can be divided into an
intracerebral or subarachnoid stroke.
What is an intracerebral stroke? - bleeding in the brain
what is an subarachnoid stroke? - bleeding in the space surrounding the
brain
What is s/s of a hemorrhagic stroke? - sudden severe headache,
nausea/vomiting, AMS (altered mental status)
what are causes of hemorrhagic stroke? - aneurysm, AVM, trauma, HTN
what is the treatment for ischemic stroke? - tPA (administer within 3 hours)
/ alteplase
what is the treatment for hemorrhagic stroke? - - mannitol (used for
cerebral edema)
- IV fluids for blood pressure
- surgical intervention, NO anticoagulants or thrombolytics
, What does FAST mean? - F - Facial and smile droop
A - Arm drift
S - Speech impairment
T - Time to call 911 (CT scan immediately)
list risk factors of cardiovascular disease - age (65+), abnormal serum
lipids, HTN, sedentary lifestyle, diabetes, obesity, tobacco abuse, alcohol
What is Cushing's triad? - Irregular respirations, systolic hypertension with
a widening pulse pressure, slow full bounding pulse
what is Cushing's triad a sign of? - brainstem compression and impending
death (indicates increased ICP)
a positive murphy's sign is used to assess for which potential dx? - acute
cholecystitis
What is cholecystitis? - inflammation of the gallbladder wall
What are S&S of cholecystitis? - sever pain in the RUQ that radiates to the
right shoulder, tachycardia, pallor, diaphoresis, fever/chills, jaundice,
indigestion, and restlessness
what are the physical exam findings of cholecystitis? - jaundice, clay-
colored stools, dark urine, and pruritis, abdominal rigidity
what region would be palpated in order to test for Murphey's sign? - right
upper quadrant
what are the s/s of increased ICP? - - Changes in LOC
- decorticate and decerebrate
- body temp changes
- Cushing's triad
- dilation of pupil on same side of injury
- blurred vision
- headache
- decreased O2 (Cheyne-stokes respirations)
what is the normal range for ICP - 5-15 mmHg. if the ICP is 20+ then
that's really bad
how is hepatitis C transmitted? - Through body fluids, primarily blood; IV
drug use
what is the treatment for hepatitis C? - antivirals such as ribavirin
