NUR 2063 / NUR2063: Essentials of Pathophysiology Exam 2
(Latest ) Questions and Correct Answers (Verified
Answers) Plus Rationales 2025 Rasmussen
1. Which of the following best describes the primary cause of type 1 diabetes
mellitus?
a) Insulin resistance
b) Autoimmune destruction of beta cells
c) Excessive insulin production
d) Obesity-related metabolic changes
b) Autoimmune destruction of beta cells
This leads to insufficient insulin production, causing type 1 diabetes.
2. What is the main pathological feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD)?
a) Bronchial smooth muscle hypertrophy
b) Alveolar wall destruction and airflow limitation
c) Pulmonary embolism
d) Viral infection of bronchioles
b) Alveolar wall destruction and airflow limitation
COPD involves chronic inflammation leading to airway narrowing and
alveolar damage.
3. A patient with hyperthyroidism typically presents with which clinical
symptom?
, a) Weight gain
b) Bradycardia
c) Heat intolerance
d) Constipation
c) Heat intolerance
Hyperthyroidism increases metabolic rate causing heat intolerance and
weight loss.
4. What is the pathophysiologic basis of atherosclerosis?
a) Infection of arterial walls
b) Autoimmune attack on arteries
c) Lipid accumulation and chronic inflammation in arterial walls
d) Vasospasm
c) Lipid accumulation and chronic inflammation in arterial walls
This leads to plaque formation, narrowing arteries and impairing blood
flow.
5. Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly seen in patients with
chronic kidney disease?
a) Hypokalemia
b) Hyperkalemia
c) Hypercalcemia
d) Hyponatremia
,b) Hyperkalemia
Reduced renal excretion of potassium leads to hyperkalemia in kidney
failure.
6. The most common cause of peptic ulcer disease is:
a) Stress
b) NSAID use
c) Helicobacter pylori infection
d) Excessive acid secretion
c) Helicobacter pylori infection
H. pylori damages the gastric mucosa leading to ulcers.
7. Which of the following best describes the mechanism of insulin resistance?
a) Decreased insulin secretion
b) Receptor downregulation and impaired post-receptor signaling
c) Excess insulin degradation
d) Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic cells
b) Receptor downregulation and impaired post-receptor signaling
Target tissues become less responsive to insulin, causing hyperglycemia.
8. What is the characteristic lab finding in iron deficiency anemia?
a) Macrocytic RBCs
b) Low serum ferritin
c) Increased serum iron
d) Elevated reticulocyte count
, b) Low serum ferritin
Ferritin reflects iron stores, which are depleted in iron deficiency
anemia.
9. Which condition is characterized by the destruction of myelin sheaths in
the central nervous system?
a) Multiple sclerosis
b) Guillain-Barré syndrome
c) Myasthenia gravis
d) Parkinson’s disease
a) Multiple sclerosis
MS is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the CNS.
10.Which acid-base disturbance is most commonly associated with diabetic
ketoacidosis?
a) Metabolic alkalosis
b) Respiratory alkalosis
c) Metabolic acidosis
d) Respiratory acidosis
c) Metabolic acidosis
Ketoacid accumulation causes decreased blood pH.
11.What is the primary cause of primary hypertension?
a) Renal artery stenosis
b) Unknown multifactorial causes
(Latest ) Questions and Correct Answers (Verified
Answers) Plus Rationales 2025 Rasmussen
1. Which of the following best describes the primary cause of type 1 diabetes
mellitus?
a) Insulin resistance
b) Autoimmune destruction of beta cells
c) Excessive insulin production
d) Obesity-related metabolic changes
b) Autoimmune destruction of beta cells
This leads to insufficient insulin production, causing type 1 diabetes.
2. What is the main pathological feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD)?
a) Bronchial smooth muscle hypertrophy
b) Alveolar wall destruction and airflow limitation
c) Pulmonary embolism
d) Viral infection of bronchioles
b) Alveolar wall destruction and airflow limitation
COPD involves chronic inflammation leading to airway narrowing and
alveolar damage.
3. A patient with hyperthyroidism typically presents with which clinical
symptom?
, a) Weight gain
b) Bradycardia
c) Heat intolerance
d) Constipation
c) Heat intolerance
Hyperthyroidism increases metabolic rate causing heat intolerance and
weight loss.
4. What is the pathophysiologic basis of atherosclerosis?
a) Infection of arterial walls
b) Autoimmune attack on arteries
c) Lipid accumulation and chronic inflammation in arterial walls
d) Vasospasm
c) Lipid accumulation and chronic inflammation in arterial walls
This leads to plaque formation, narrowing arteries and impairing blood
flow.
5. Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly seen in patients with
chronic kidney disease?
a) Hypokalemia
b) Hyperkalemia
c) Hypercalcemia
d) Hyponatremia
,b) Hyperkalemia
Reduced renal excretion of potassium leads to hyperkalemia in kidney
failure.
6. The most common cause of peptic ulcer disease is:
a) Stress
b) NSAID use
c) Helicobacter pylori infection
d) Excessive acid secretion
c) Helicobacter pylori infection
H. pylori damages the gastric mucosa leading to ulcers.
7. Which of the following best describes the mechanism of insulin resistance?
a) Decreased insulin secretion
b) Receptor downregulation and impaired post-receptor signaling
c) Excess insulin degradation
d) Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic cells
b) Receptor downregulation and impaired post-receptor signaling
Target tissues become less responsive to insulin, causing hyperglycemia.
8. What is the characteristic lab finding in iron deficiency anemia?
a) Macrocytic RBCs
b) Low serum ferritin
c) Increased serum iron
d) Elevated reticulocyte count
, b) Low serum ferritin
Ferritin reflects iron stores, which are depleted in iron deficiency
anemia.
9. Which condition is characterized by the destruction of myelin sheaths in
the central nervous system?
a) Multiple sclerosis
b) Guillain-Barré syndrome
c) Myasthenia gravis
d) Parkinson’s disease
a) Multiple sclerosis
MS is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the CNS.
10.Which acid-base disturbance is most commonly associated with diabetic
ketoacidosis?
a) Metabolic alkalosis
b) Respiratory alkalosis
c) Metabolic acidosis
d) Respiratory acidosis
c) Metabolic acidosis
Ketoacid accumulation causes decreased blood pH.
11.What is the primary cause of primary hypertension?
a) Renal artery stenosis
b) Unknown multifactorial causes
