GEN. PSYCH LESSON 1 (MIDTERMS)
JEAN PIAGET – Focused on children
- looked at overall development
- proposed a series of discrete stages that were evident by qualitative difference.
SCHEMAS – the basic building blocks or units of knowledge.
PROCESS TO ALLOW ONE STAGE TO TRANSITION TO ANOTHER
intellectual growth – result of adaptation; need to always be in a state of
equilibrium (Piaget).
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT THEORY – focuses on intellectual development through
progressive adaptation to the environment.
SENSORIMOTOR (0 - 2 yrs old) – Interact actively
Coordinated motor and sensation
Absence of object permanence.
PRE-OPERATIONAL (2 - 7 yrs.) – Egocentric or self-centered animism
intuitive rather than logical solutions
Growth in language.
CONCRETE (7 - 11 yrs) – Ability to conserve
Reversibility of thoughts
Understanding of numbers.
FORMAL OPERATION (11 - 15 yrs.) – Complete generality of thought
Propositional thinking
Development of strong idealism.
LAWRENCE KOHLBERG – From a wealthy family; New York
- Smuggled Jewish refugees through Palestine.
- Studied moral reasoning of children growing.
- Studied Psychology, University of Chicago
- Professor, Harvard University
, THEORY OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT
Pre - conventional level – young children make moral judgments to obtain
rewards and avoid punishment.
Conventional level – children make moral decisions based on what they think
others will think of them.
Post-conventional level – judge based on ethical principles.
PSYCHOSOCIAL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT
TRUST VS MISTRUST – Develop a sense of security and comfort. Develop
mistrust of others and the world.
AUTONOMY VS SHAME & DOUBT – develop a sense of responsibility and
learn progressive independence. Become dependent and insecure.
INITIATIVE VS GUILT – Learn to plan and develop judgment. Develop guilt over
all personal needs and desires.
INDUSTRY VS INFERIORITY – Meet the standard set by school society and
develop interests and skills. Develop low self-esteem and a lack of discernible
skills.
IDENTITY VS CONFUSION – acquire sense of identity and direction. Develop
an identity crisis.
INTIMACY VS ISOLATION – Establish meaningful relationships. Become
isolated.
GENERATIVELY VS STAGNATION – Help others and the future generation.
Languish in a lack of productivity.
INTEGRITY VS DESPAIR – Accept past meaningful life or despair.
SENSATION – results when any of the sense organs are stimulated.
RECEPTORS – Specialized cells that respond to stimulus.
EXTEROCEPTORS – located at the outer surface of the body and are stimulated
by stimuli external to the organism.
INTEROCEPTORS – are in the linings of the viscera: the digestive, respiratory,
and circulatory systems.
JEAN PIAGET – Focused on children
- looked at overall development
- proposed a series of discrete stages that were evident by qualitative difference.
SCHEMAS – the basic building blocks or units of knowledge.
PROCESS TO ALLOW ONE STAGE TO TRANSITION TO ANOTHER
intellectual growth – result of adaptation; need to always be in a state of
equilibrium (Piaget).
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT THEORY – focuses on intellectual development through
progressive adaptation to the environment.
SENSORIMOTOR (0 - 2 yrs old) – Interact actively
Coordinated motor and sensation
Absence of object permanence.
PRE-OPERATIONAL (2 - 7 yrs.) – Egocentric or self-centered animism
intuitive rather than logical solutions
Growth in language.
CONCRETE (7 - 11 yrs) – Ability to conserve
Reversibility of thoughts
Understanding of numbers.
FORMAL OPERATION (11 - 15 yrs.) – Complete generality of thought
Propositional thinking
Development of strong idealism.
LAWRENCE KOHLBERG – From a wealthy family; New York
- Smuggled Jewish refugees through Palestine.
- Studied moral reasoning of children growing.
- Studied Psychology, University of Chicago
- Professor, Harvard University
, THEORY OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT
Pre - conventional level – young children make moral judgments to obtain
rewards and avoid punishment.
Conventional level – children make moral decisions based on what they think
others will think of them.
Post-conventional level – judge based on ethical principles.
PSYCHOSOCIAL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT
TRUST VS MISTRUST – Develop a sense of security and comfort. Develop
mistrust of others and the world.
AUTONOMY VS SHAME & DOUBT – develop a sense of responsibility and
learn progressive independence. Become dependent and insecure.
INITIATIVE VS GUILT – Learn to plan and develop judgment. Develop guilt over
all personal needs and desires.
INDUSTRY VS INFERIORITY – Meet the standard set by school society and
develop interests and skills. Develop low self-esteem and a lack of discernible
skills.
IDENTITY VS CONFUSION – acquire sense of identity and direction. Develop
an identity crisis.
INTIMACY VS ISOLATION – Establish meaningful relationships. Become
isolated.
GENERATIVELY VS STAGNATION – Help others and the future generation.
Languish in a lack of productivity.
INTEGRITY VS DESPAIR – Accept past meaningful life or despair.
SENSATION – results when any of the sense organs are stimulated.
RECEPTORS – Specialized cells that respond to stimulus.
EXTEROCEPTORS – located at the outer surface of the body and are stimulated
by stimuli external to the organism.
INTEROCEPTORS – are in the linings of the viscera: the digestive, respiratory,
and circulatory systems.
