NR566 2025 Midterm Actual Exam – Advanced
Pharmacology for Family Care | 100% Verified
Questions and Correct Answers
Question 1
A 45-year-old female with hypertension is prescribed lisinopril 10 mg daily. What is the most
important patient education point?
A. Take the medication at bedtime to avoid cough.
B. Monitor blood pressure regularly and report persistent cough.
C. Discontinue the medication if dizziness occurs.
D. Consume a high-potassium diet to enhance effects.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Drug Class: Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor.
Therapeutic Use: Lowers blood pressure by inhibiting angiotensin II formation, reducing
vascular resistance.
Adverse Effects: Dry cough due to bradykinin accumulation, hypotension.
Contraindications: Pregnancy, hyperkalemia.
Family-Specific Considerations: Patients should monitor blood pressure to assess efficacy
and report cough, which may require switching to an ARB. Bedtime dosing (A) doesn’t
prevent cough. Discontinuing for dizziness (C) needs provider guidance. High-potassium
diets (D) risk hyperkalemia.
Question 2
A 12-year-old child with asthma is prescribed albuterol inhaler for acute symptoms. What is the
priority teaching for safe use?
A. Use the inhaler daily even without symptoms.
B. Shake the inhaler and use a spacer for proper delivery.
,C. Rinse the mouth after each use to prevent thrush.
D. Store the inhaler in the refrigerator.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Drug Class: Albuterol is a short-acting beta-agonist (SABA).
Therapeutic Use: Relieves acute bronchospasm in asthma by relaxing bronchial smooth
muscle.
Adverse Effects: Tremors, tachycardia.
Contraindications: Uncontrolled tachyarrhythmias.
Family-Specific Considerations: In children, a spacer ensures proper drug delivery to the
lungs. Daily use (A) is for maintenance inhalers. Rinsing the mouth (C) applies to
corticosteroids. Refrigeration (D) is unnecessary.
Question 3
A 65-year-old male with type 2 diabetes is started on metformin 500 mg twice daily. What is a
key monitoring parameter during titration?
A. Blood pressure daily.
B. Serum creatinine to assess renal function.
C. Thyroid function tests.
D. Fasting lipid profile.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Drug Class: Metformin is a biguanide.
Therapeutic Use: Reduces hepatic glucose production and improves insulin sensitivity in
type 2 diabetes.
Adverse Effects: Gastrointestinal upset, rare lactic acidosis.
Contraindications: Severe renal impairment (eGFR <30 mL/min).
Family-Specific Considerations: In older adults, renal function monitoring prevents lactic
acidosis during metformin titration. Blood pressure (A), thyroid function (C), and lipids
(D) are not primary for metformin.
,Question 4
A 30-year-old pregnant female presents with a urinary tract infection. Which antibiotic is safest
to prescribe?
A. Doxycycline.
B. Nitrofurantoin.
C. Ciprofloxacin.
D. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Drug Class: Nitrofurantoin is a urinary antiseptic.
Therapeutic Use: Treats uncomplicated UTIs by concentrating in urine.
Adverse Effects: Nausea, rare pulmonary toxicity.
Contraindications: Avoid near term due to hemolytic anemia risk in neonates.
Family-Specific Considerations: Nitrofurantoin is safe in early pregnancy for UTIs.
Doxycycline (A) and ciprofloxacin (C) are contraindicated due to fetal harm.
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (D) is avoided in the first trimester due to folate
antagonism.
Question 5
A 50-year-old male with hyperlipidemia is prescribed atorvastatin 20 mg daily. What is the most
important patient education point?
A. Take the medication in the morning.
B. Report muscle pain or weakness immediately.
C. Consume grapefruit juice to enhance absorption.
D. Discontinue if cholesterol normalizes.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Drug Class: Atorvastatin is an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin).
Therapeutic Use: Lowers LDL cholesterol by inhibiting cholesterol synthesis.
, Adverse Effects: Myopathy, rhabdomyolysis.
Contraindications: Active liver disease, pregnancy.
Family-Specific Considerations: Muscle pain/weakness may indicate rhabdomyolysis,
requiring immediate reporting. Morning dosing (A) is not required; evening is preferred.
Grapefruit juice (C) increases toxicity. Discontinuing (D) risks cardiovascular events.
Question 6
A 7-year-old child with ADHD is prescribed methylphenidate 5 mg twice daily. What is the
priority family teaching?
A. Administer the medication at bedtime.
B. Monitor for decreased appetite and report to the provider.
C. Skip doses on weekends to reduce side effects.
D. Crush the medication for easier swallowing.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Drug Class: Methylphenidate is a CNS stimulant.
Therapeutic Use: Improves focus and reduces hyperactivity in ADHD.
Adverse Effects: Decreased appetite, weight loss, insomnia.
Contraindications: Uncontrolled anxiety, tachyarrhythmias.
Family-Specific Considerations: Decreased appetite can affect growth in children, requiring
monitoring. Bedtime dosing (A) causes insomnia. Skipping doses (C) disrupts therapy.
Crushing (D) may alter extended-release formulations.
Question 7
A 55-year-old female with depression is prescribed sertraline 50 mg daily. What is a key
consideration during titration?
A. Increase the dose weekly without monitoring.
B. Assess for suicidal ideation during the first few weeks.
C. Discontinue if mild nausea occurs.
D. Administer with grapefruit juice to enhance effects.
Pharmacology for Family Care | 100% Verified
Questions and Correct Answers
Question 1
A 45-year-old female with hypertension is prescribed lisinopril 10 mg daily. What is the most
important patient education point?
A. Take the medication at bedtime to avoid cough.
B. Monitor blood pressure regularly and report persistent cough.
C. Discontinue the medication if dizziness occurs.
D. Consume a high-potassium diet to enhance effects.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Drug Class: Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor.
Therapeutic Use: Lowers blood pressure by inhibiting angiotensin II formation, reducing
vascular resistance.
Adverse Effects: Dry cough due to bradykinin accumulation, hypotension.
Contraindications: Pregnancy, hyperkalemia.
Family-Specific Considerations: Patients should monitor blood pressure to assess efficacy
and report cough, which may require switching to an ARB. Bedtime dosing (A) doesn’t
prevent cough. Discontinuing for dizziness (C) needs provider guidance. High-potassium
diets (D) risk hyperkalemia.
Question 2
A 12-year-old child with asthma is prescribed albuterol inhaler for acute symptoms. What is the
priority teaching for safe use?
A. Use the inhaler daily even without symptoms.
B. Shake the inhaler and use a spacer for proper delivery.
,C. Rinse the mouth after each use to prevent thrush.
D. Store the inhaler in the refrigerator.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Drug Class: Albuterol is a short-acting beta-agonist (SABA).
Therapeutic Use: Relieves acute bronchospasm in asthma by relaxing bronchial smooth
muscle.
Adverse Effects: Tremors, tachycardia.
Contraindications: Uncontrolled tachyarrhythmias.
Family-Specific Considerations: In children, a spacer ensures proper drug delivery to the
lungs. Daily use (A) is for maintenance inhalers. Rinsing the mouth (C) applies to
corticosteroids. Refrigeration (D) is unnecessary.
Question 3
A 65-year-old male with type 2 diabetes is started on metformin 500 mg twice daily. What is a
key monitoring parameter during titration?
A. Blood pressure daily.
B. Serum creatinine to assess renal function.
C. Thyroid function tests.
D. Fasting lipid profile.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Drug Class: Metformin is a biguanide.
Therapeutic Use: Reduces hepatic glucose production and improves insulin sensitivity in
type 2 diabetes.
Adverse Effects: Gastrointestinal upset, rare lactic acidosis.
Contraindications: Severe renal impairment (eGFR <30 mL/min).
Family-Specific Considerations: In older adults, renal function monitoring prevents lactic
acidosis during metformin titration. Blood pressure (A), thyroid function (C), and lipids
(D) are not primary for metformin.
,Question 4
A 30-year-old pregnant female presents with a urinary tract infection. Which antibiotic is safest
to prescribe?
A. Doxycycline.
B. Nitrofurantoin.
C. Ciprofloxacin.
D. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Drug Class: Nitrofurantoin is a urinary antiseptic.
Therapeutic Use: Treats uncomplicated UTIs by concentrating in urine.
Adverse Effects: Nausea, rare pulmonary toxicity.
Contraindications: Avoid near term due to hemolytic anemia risk in neonates.
Family-Specific Considerations: Nitrofurantoin is safe in early pregnancy for UTIs.
Doxycycline (A) and ciprofloxacin (C) are contraindicated due to fetal harm.
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (D) is avoided in the first trimester due to folate
antagonism.
Question 5
A 50-year-old male with hyperlipidemia is prescribed atorvastatin 20 mg daily. What is the most
important patient education point?
A. Take the medication in the morning.
B. Report muscle pain or weakness immediately.
C. Consume grapefruit juice to enhance absorption.
D. Discontinue if cholesterol normalizes.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Drug Class: Atorvastatin is an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin).
Therapeutic Use: Lowers LDL cholesterol by inhibiting cholesterol synthesis.
, Adverse Effects: Myopathy, rhabdomyolysis.
Contraindications: Active liver disease, pregnancy.
Family-Specific Considerations: Muscle pain/weakness may indicate rhabdomyolysis,
requiring immediate reporting. Morning dosing (A) is not required; evening is preferred.
Grapefruit juice (C) increases toxicity. Discontinuing (D) risks cardiovascular events.
Question 6
A 7-year-old child with ADHD is prescribed methylphenidate 5 mg twice daily. What is the
priority family teaching?
A. Administer the medication at bedtime.
B. Monitor for decreased appetite and report to the provider.
C. Skip doses on weekends to reduce side effects.
D. Crush the medication for easier swallowing.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Drug Class: Methylphenidate is a CNS stimulant.
Therapeutic Use: Improves focus and reduces hyperactivity in ADHD.
Adverse Effects: Decreased appetite, weight loss, insomnia.
Contraindications: Uncontrolled anxiety, tachyarrhythmias.
Family-Specific Considerations: Decreased appetite can affect growth in children, requiring
monitoring. Bedtime dosing (A) causes insomnia. Skipping doses (C) disrupts therapy.
Crushing (D) may alter extended-release formulations.
Question 7
A 55-year-old female with depression is prescribed sertraline 50 mg daily. What is a key
consideration during titration?
A. Increase the dose weekly without monitoring.
B. Assess for suicidal ideation during the first few weeks.
C. Discontinue if mild nausea occurs.
D. Administer with grapefruit juice to enhance effects.
