Nursing 230: FINAL EXAM || Possible Questions Accurately
Answered.
Standard Precautions (universal) correct answers Applies to all body fluids (except sweat),
nonintact skin, and mucous membranes; is done to protect everyone (staff, patient, and other
patients)
What practices should be implemented with standard precautions? correct answers Hand
hygiene; clean gloves when touching all body fluids, nonintact skin, and mucous membranes;
mask/eye protection/face shield when splashing occurs; properly clean equipment; bag laundry;
enable safety devices on equipment; properly dispose of sharps
Transmission Based Precautions (Tier Two) correct answers Used in addition to standard
precautions; is client specific because it is based on the pathogen; Requires a private room (can
also be referred to as isolation precautions); three types- contact, droplet, and airborne.
Contact Precautions correct answers Used with patients who are infected by a multidrug resistant
organism (MDRO); limit movement of the patient out of the room; avoid sharing patient
equipment; PPE: gown & gloves
Infections that require contact precautions correct answers MRSA, c-diff, VRE
Droplet Precautions correct answers Used for patients with an infection that is spread by large
droplet particles; transport patient out of the room only when necessary and use mask for patient;
May have room to door open; PPE: gown, gloves, & surgical mask
Infections that require droplet precautions correct answers flu, whooping cough
Airborne precautions correct answers Used for patients who have an infection that spreads
through the air; patient is placed in neg pressure room- MUST keep door closed; PPE: gown,
gloves & respirator mask (fit tested)
,Infections that require airborne precautions correct answers TB, varicella, measles, SARS
Negative Pressure Room correct answers Outer door and inner door, pressure is lower on the
inside than outside, air flows into the room rather than out
Neutropenic Precautions (reverse isolation) correct answers Used for patients with low
neutrophil count; includes restricting visitors, private room preferred, prohibiting visitors with an
infection, restricting exposure to live plants fruits and veggies, patient must wear a mask when
out of room, and hand washing for patient and staff
Medical Asepsis correct answers The use of practices to reduce the number, growth, and spread
of microorganisms
What is done to promote medical asepsis? correct answers Hand hygiene (!!), cleaning rooms
and floors, changing linens, separating clean from contaminated materials, not holding linens on
you + not shaking them + not placing on floor, biohazard bags, keep nails short + no artificial
nails, clean from least soiled to most soiled
Surgical Asepsis correct answers The use of practices to ELIMINATE ALL microorganisms from
an object or area
Promoting & Maintaining Surgical Asepsis correct answers Avoiding coughing, sneezing, or
talking directly over sterile field; Touch only sterile materials with sterile gloves; Do not reach
across, above, or turn back on sterile field; Keep patient from moving suddenly, touching sterile
field, or coughing/talking/sneezing over it
How large is the border around the sterile field that is considered non-sterile? correct answers 1
inch. Must discard any item that comes into contact with the border.
Chain of infection correct answers Infectious agent --> reservoir --> portal of exit --> method of
transmission --> portal of entry --> susceptible host
, Infectious Agent correct answers Bacteria, virus, or fungi
Reservoir correct answers Place where the microorganism is comfortable. Can be other humans,
soil, water, animals, inanimate objects (ie equipment)
Portal of Exit correct answers Respiratory (coughing, sneezing, sometimes talking),
gastrointestinal (stool), urinary (urine), breaks in skin (exposure to blood, body fluids), blood &
tissue
Method of Transmission correct answers Contact, vehicles (contaminated blood, food, water),
vectors (nonhuman carriers ie mosquitoes), droplet, airborne
Portal of Entry correct answers Same as portal of entry + invasive devices like caths and IVs
Susceptible Host - what factors impact susceptibility? correct answers Intact skin & mucous
membranes, normal pH levels, WBC count, age race sex and hereditary factors, immunization,
fatigue climate nutritional and general health status, stress, invasive or indwelling devices.
How to stop an infectious agent correct answers Sterilization and antibiotics
How to stop a reservoir correct answers transmission based precautions, disposable supplies
How to stop portal of exit correct answers Gloves, covering mouth when coughing/sneezing,
intact dressing
How to stop mode of transmission correct answers Pesticides, adequate refrigeration, proper
precautions
How to stop portal of entry correct answers PPE, proper disposal of sharps
Answered.
Standard Precautions (universal) correct answers Applies to all body fluids (except sweat),
nonintact skin, and mucous membranes; is done to protect everyone (staff, patient, and other
patients)
What practices should be implemented with standard precautions? correct answers Hand
hygiene; clean gloves when touching all body fluids, nonintact skin, and mucous membranes;
mask/eye protection/face shield when splashing occurs; properly clean equipment; bag laundry;
enable safety devices on equipment; properly dispose of sharps
Transmission Based Precautions (Tier Two) correct answers Used in addition to standard
precautions; is client specific because it is based on the pathogen; Requires a private room (can
also be referred to as isolation precautions); three types- contact, droplet, and airborne.
Contact Precautions correct answers Used with patients who are infected by a multidrug resistant
organism (MDRO); limit movement of the patient out of the room; avoid sharing patient
equipment; PPE: gown & gloves
Infections that require contact precautions correct answers MRSA, c-diff, VRE
Droplet Precautions correct answers Used for patients with an infection that is spread by large
droplet particles; transport patient out of the room only when necessary and use mask for patient;
May have room to door open; PPE: gown, gloves, & surgical mask
Infections that require droplet precautions correct answers flu, whooping cough
Airborne precautions correct answers Used for patients who have an infection that spreads
through the air; patient is placed in neg pressure room- MUST keep door closed; PPE: gown,
gloves & respirator mask (fit tested)
,Infections that require airborne precautions correct answers TB, varicella, measles, SARS
Negative Pressure Room correct answers Outer door and inner door, pressure is lower on the
inside than outside, air flows into the room rather than out
Neutropenic Precautions (reverse isolation) correct answers Used for patients with low
neutrophil count; includes restricting visitors, private room preferred, prohibiting visitors with an
infection, restricting exposure to live plants fruits and veggies, patient must wear a mask when
out of room, and hand washing for patient and staff
Medical Asepsis correct answers The use of practices to reduce the number, growth, and spread
of microorganisms
What is done to promote medical asepsis? correct answers Hand hygiene (!!), cleaning rooms
and floors, changing linens, separating clean from contaminated materials, not holding linens on
you + not shaking them + not placing on floor, biohazard bags, keep nails short + no artificial
nails, clean from least soiled to most soiled
Surgical Asepsis correct answers The use of practices to ELIMINATE ALL microorganisms from
an object or area
Promoting & Maintaining Surgical Asepsis correct answers Avoiding coughing, sneezing, or
talking directly over sterile field; Touch only sterile materials with sterile gloves; Do not reach
across, above, or turn back on sterile field; Keep patient from moving suddenly, touching sterile
field, or coughing/talking/sneezing over it
How large is the border around the sterile field that is considered non-sterile? correct answers 1
inch. Must discard any item that comes into contact with the border.
Chain of infection correct answers Infectious agent --> reservoir --> portal of exit --> method of
transmission --> portal of entry --> susceptible host
, Infectious Agent correct answers Bacteria, virus, or fungi
Reservoir correct answers Place where the microorganism is comfortable. Can be other humans,
soil, water, animals, inanimate objects (ie equipment)
Portal of Exit correct answers Respiratory (coughing, sneezing, sometimes talking),
gastrointestinal (stool), urinary (urine), breaks in skin (exposure to blood, body fluids), blood &
tissue
Method of Transmission correct answers Contact, vehicles (contaminated blood, food, water),
vectors (nonhuman carriers ie mosquitoes), droplet, airborne
Portal of Entry correct answers Same as portal of entry + invasive devices like caths and IVs
Susceptible Host - what factors impact susceptibility? correct answers Intact skin & mucous
membranes, normal pH levels, WBC count, age race sex and hereditary factors, immunization,
fatigue climate nutritional and general health status, stress, invasive or indwelling devices.
How to stop an infectious agent correct answers Sterilization and antibiotics
How to stop a reservoir correct answers transmission based precautions, disposable supplies
How to stop portal of exit correct answers Gloves, covering mouth when coughing/sneezing,
intact dressing
How to stop mode of transmission correct answers Pesticides, adequate refrigeration, proper
precautions
How to stop portal of entry correct answers PPE, proper disposal of sharps
