UCLA Ling 1 Final Verified Multiple Choice and Conceptual Actual Exam
Questions With Reviewed 100% Correct Detailed Answers
Guaranteed Pass!!Current Update
Speakers encode meanings into sounds,
language as a TOOL Listeners decode speech sounds (or
hand shapes) into meaning
You have a finite set of building blocks
and rules.
You know how to use them.
This is unconscious knowledge.
language as a type of KNOWLEDGE You understand the inventory of sounds
in your language: Phonetics.
You understand the sound patterns in
your language, what sequences are pos-
sible: Phonology.
your mental dictionary,
lexicon you know words that are not in any writ-
ten dictionary, and may never be
morphology the "rules" that allow you construct words
How to build good PHRASES and SEN-
syntax
TENCES
semantics Meanings of words and how to use them
Being a fully competent native speaker of
a language is independent of education-
al level.
Education?
Being more (or less) educated does not
make a person a "better" (or "worse")
native speaker.
What you know in your mind
linguistic competence What you can do
Systematic
What actually comes out of your mouth
What you do do
Subject to physical limitations such as
linguistic performance
breath, fatigue, nerves, etc.
Slips of the Tongue are performance er-
rors.
Features of Language
, UCLA Ling 1 Final Verified Multiple Choice and Conceptual Actual Exam
Questions With Reviewed 100% Correct Detailed Answers
Guaranteed Pass!!Current Update
1. Arbitrariness: The relationship be-
tween a word and its meaning is arbitrary.
(This is why the sounds used to name the
same object vary across languages.)
2. Creativity: Speakers use a finite set
of building blocks and rules to create
and understand an infinite set of novel
sentences. (Sentences cannot simply be
memorized or learned by imitation.)
Creativity is a universal property of hu-
man language.
-All languages have ways of forming
questions.
-All languages have means for negating
an utterance.
-All languages have means for indicating
when an action takes place.
-All languages possess a set of discrete
Language Universals
sounds (or gestures).
-All languages permit displacement—the
ability the talk about things other than the
here and now.
-All languages exhibit stimulus-freedom,
the ability to say anything at all—includ-
ing nothing—in any circumstances.
linguist's description or model of the
mental grammar
descriptive grammar What speaker's rules actually are
speaker's grammar
linguist's grammar
rules of grammar (often based on Latin)
prescriptive grammar used by teachers
What speaker's rules should be
language is "lateralized" to the left hemi-
sphere
lateralization Without access to the left cerebral hemi-
sphere, normal language processing
cannot occur.
, Different sounds are played in both ears
Subject reports hearing only one
Sound from right ear is almost always
Dichotic Listening Tests reported
Conclusion: at least auditory processing
of language seems to be in the left hemi-
sphere
In severe cases of epilepsy, the corpus
callosum is sometimes severed
As a result, the two hemispheres can not
Split Brain Patients share information
Linguistic responses are not possible if
stimulus was presented to the right hemi-
sphere (left visual field).
One hemisphere of a patient's brain is
temporarily put to sleep.
Patient then asked to read words &/or
Wada Tests numbers, identify objects, & respond to
questions.
Result? An inability to produce language
when left side is anesthetized.
a disruption in language abilities (pro-
aphasia duction and/or comprehension) due to
brain injury
Patient named Louis Victor Lebourgne,
but nicknamed 'Tan'.
His utterances were limited to a single
syllable, "tan", usually twice.
Couldn't produce language.
Tan's Brain 1861: Paul Broca examined Tan's Brain
(post-mortem).
Came to the conclusion that the loss of
language ability was linked to the local
damage in "Broca's area".
Broca's aphasia
Questions With Reviewed 100% Correct Detailed Answers
Guaranteed Pass!!Current Update
Speakers encode meanings into sounds,
language as a TOOL Listeners decode speech sounds (or
hand shapes) into meaning
You have a finite set of building blocks
and rules.
You know how to use them.
This is unconscious knowledge.
language as a type of KNOWLEDGE You understand the inventory of sounds
in your language: Phonetics.
You understand the sound patterns in
your language, what sequences are pos-
sible: Phonology.
your mental dictionary,
lexicon you know words that are not in any writ-
ten dictionary, and may never be
morphology the "rules" that allow you construct words
How to build good PHRASES and SEN-
syntax
TENCES
semantics Meanings of words and how to use them
Being a fully competent native speaker of
a language is independent of education-
al level.
Education?
Being more (or less) educated does not
make a person a "better" (or "worse")
native speaker.
What you know in your mind
linguistic competence What you can do
Systematic
What actually comes out of your mouth
What you do do
Subject to physical limitations such as
linguistic performance
breath, fatigue, nerves, etc.
Slips of the Tongue are performance er-
rors.
Features of Language
, UCLA Ling 1 Final Verified Multiple Choice and Conceptual Actual Exam
Questions With Reviewed 100% Correct Detailed Answers
Guaranteed Pass!!Current Update
1. Arbitrariness: The relationship be-
tween a word and its meaning is arbitrary.
(This is why the sounds used to name the
same object vary across languages.)
2. Creativity: Speakers use a finite set
of building blocks and rules to create
and understand an infinite set of novel
sentences. (Sentences cannot simply be
memorized or learned by imitation.)
Creativity is a universal property of hu-
man language.
-All languages have ways of forming
questions.
-All languages have means for negating
an utterance.
-All languages have means for indicating
when an action takes place.
-All languages possess a set of discrete
Language Universals
sounds (or gestures).
-All languages permit displacement—the
ability the talk about things other than the
here and now.
-All languages exhibit stimulus-freedom,
the ability to say anything at all—includ-
ing nothing—in any circumstances.
linguist's description or model of the
mental grammar
descriptive grammar What speaker's rules actually are
speaker's grammar
linguist's grammar
rules of grammar (often based on Latin)
prescriptive grammar used by teachers
What speaker's rules should be
language is "lateralized" to the left hemi-
sphere
lateralization Without access to the left cerebral hemi-
sphere, normal language processing
cannot occur.
, Different sounds are played in both ears
Subject reports hearing only one
Sound from right ear is almost always
Dichotic Listening Tests reported
Conclusion: at least auditory processing
of language seems to be in the left hemi-
sphere
In severe cases of epilepsy, the corpus
callosum is sometimes severed
As a result, the two hemispheres can not
Split Brain Patients share information
Linguistic responses are not possible if
stimulus was presented to the right hemi-
sphere (left visual field).
One hemisphere of a patient's brain is
temporarily put to sleep.
Patient then asked to read words &/or
Wada Tests numbers, identify objects, & respond to
questions.
Result? An inability to produce language
when left side is anesthetized.
a disruption in language abilities (pro-
aphasia duction and/or comprehension) due to
brain injury
Patient named Louis Victor Lebourgne,
but nicknamed 'Tan'.
His utterances were limited to a single
syllable, "tan", usually twice.
Couldn't produce language.
Tan's Brain 1861: Paul Broca examined Tan's Brain
(post-mortem).
Came to the conclusion that the loss of
language ability was linked to the local
damage in "Broca's area".
Broca's aphasia
