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-60ka
When was the major migration out of -modern humans replaced the Nean-
Africa? derthals and robust hominids across the
world
When did modern humans evolve? 200,000 years ago
-small, flat face with portruding chin
-rounded skull
modern Homo sapien derived character-
-cranial capacity of at least 1,350cc
istics:
-less robust post-cranial skeleton
-relatively long limbs and shorter trunks
-relied more on elaborate tools and tech-
why was the modern human less robust? nological advancements, less on body
strength
-much more complex and variable
-vast array of specialized tools and tech-
niques to adapt to diverse environments
how does modern human behavior com- -elaborate and varied symbolic, artistic,
pare to that of early hominins? and religious behavior
-due to large geographic range
-ability to accumulate and transmit over
successive generations
-The stone tool industries of sub-Saha-
ran Africa and southern and eastern Asia
that existed 250 to 40 kya.
-counterpart of the Middle Paleolithic
Middle Stone Age (MSA) (Mousterian) in Europe
-varied, but flake tools were manufac-
tured in all of them
-large social networks, Llong-distance
exchange networks
-blades: long, thin stone tools, Mode 4
-symmetrical, leaf-shaped points
-microliths: small stone flake, sharp edge
MSA tools
on one side and flat on the other, Mode
5
-atlatl: throws spears farther
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, UCLA ANTHRO 1 FINAL Verified Multiple Choice and Conceptual Actual Exam
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-bone tools
-shelters and hearths
When did the Middle Stone Age occur? Later Pleistocene
-increased cognitive ability
What was change in human behavior
-cultural innovations, not genetic
caused by?
-technological innovation
technological innovation --> more effi-
cient food acquisition --> greater eco-
MSA transition nomic surplus --> more economic spe-
cialization --> greater symbolic and ritual
activity
-earliest found in China, 120-80ka
-no other anatomical modern fossil out-
Fossil Evidence for movement out of side Africa that date to before 63ka
Africa - beginning 30ka, wealth of evidence for
presence of modern humans across Eu-
rope
1) modern humans evolved in Africa btw
200-90ka
2) modern humans outside Africa are de-
scended from one or more populations
Genetic Evidence for movement out of
that left Africa btw 120-40ka
Africa
3) a small amount of interbreeding oc-
curred btw modern humans and ho-
minins already living in Eurasia (Nean-
derthals and Denisovans)
1) DNA on Y chromosom
What kind of DNA does not undergo re- 2) mitochondria DNA from mom
combination, thus allowing you to trace it
3) short segments of DNA on ordinary
back to a single individual?
chromosomes
What does the accumulation of muta- -estimate time passed since the MRCA
tions allow us to discover? -estimate past population size
Relationship between distance from increased distance from Africa = de-
Africa and genetic variation creased genetic variation
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