WEEK 6 NURS-6501N-32, ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

• Question 1 .The action of platelet-derived growth factor is to stimulate the production of which cells? Selected Answer: Platelets • Question 2 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is educating a patient about asthma. The professional states that good control is necessary due to which pathophysiologic process? Selected Answer: Uncontrolled inflammation leads to increased bronchial hyperresponsiveness and eventual scarring. • Question 3 1out of 1 points .What is an expected change in the cardiovascular system that occurs with aging? Selected Answer: Arterial stiffening • Question 4 1 out of 1 points .People diagnosed with neurofibromatosis have varying degrees of the condition because of which genetic principle? Selected Answer: Expressivity • Question 5 1 out of 1 points .When endothelial cells are injured, whatalteration contributes to atherosclerosis? Selected Answer: Cells are unable to make the normal amount of vasodilating cytokines. • Question 6 1 out of 1 points .A healthcare professional cares for older adults in a skilled nursing facility. What should the professional assess for in these individuals related to cardiovascular functioning? Selected Answer: Increased rate of falling and dizzy spells • Question 7 1 out of 1 points .What physical sign does the healthcare professional relate to the result of turbulent blood flow through a vessel? Selected Answer: Murmur heard on auscultation • Question 8 1 out of 1 points .What are tumor cell markers? Selected Answer: Hormones, enzymes, antigens, and antibodies that are produced by cancer cells • Question 9 1 out of 1 points. Once they have penetrated the first line of defense, which microorganisms do natural killer (NK) cells actively attack? Selected Answer: mycoplasma • Question 10 1 out of 1 points Which gastric hormone inhibits acid and pepsinogen secretion, as well as decreases the release of gastrin? Selected Answer: Somatostatin • Question 11 1 out of 1 points What is the single most common cause of cellular injury? Selected Answer: Hypoxic injury • Question 12 1 out of 1 points A professor has taught the students about the sources of increased ammonia in patients with hepatic encephalopathy. What statement by a student indicates the professor should review this material? Selected Answer: Accumulation of short-chain fatty acids are a source of increased ammonia. • Question 13 1 out of 1 points Surfactant produced by type II alveolar cells facilitates alveolar distention and ventilation by which mechanism? Selected Answer: Decreasing surface tension in the alveoli • Question 14 1 out of1 points A patient is brought to the Emergency Department with a gunshot wound to the chest. The healthcare professional assesses an abnormality involving a pleural rupture that acts as a one-way valve, permitting air to enter on inspiration but preventing its escape by closing during expiration. What action by the healthcare professional is the priority? Selected Answer: Assist with a chest tube insertion. • Question 15 1 out of 1 points What is the only surface inside the nephron where cells are covered with microvilli to increase the reabsorptive surface area called? Selected Answer: Proximal convoluted tubules • Question 16 1 out of 1 points A patient is having an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction. What action by the healthcare professional is best? Selected Answer: Give the patient an antihistamine. • Question 17 1 out of 1 points A patient has been diagnosed with a renal stone. Based on knowledge of common stone types, what self-care measure does the healthcare professional plan to teach the patient when stone analysis has returned? Selected Answer: Ingest 1000 mg of calcium a day. • Question 18 1 out of 1 points. Which hormone is required for water to be reabsorbed in the distal tubule and collecting duct? Selected Answer: Antidiuretic hormone • Question 19 1 out of 1 points The cardiac electrical impulse normally begins spontaneously in the sinoatrial (SA) node because of what reason? Selected Answer: It depolarizes more rapidly than other automatic cells of the heart. • Question 20 1 out of 1 points What is one function of the tumor cell marker? Selected Answer: To screen individuals at high risk for cancer • Question 21 1 out of 1 points When comparing the clinical manifestations of both diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome (HHNKS), which condition is associated with only DKA? Selected Answer: Kussmaul respirations • Question 22 1 out of 1 points Which cAMP-mediated response is related to antidiuretic hormone? Selected Answer: Increased retention of water • Question 23 1 out of 1 points The student wants information about a patient's renal function. What test does the healthcare professional tell the student to evaluate? Selected Answer: Serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine • Question 24 1 out of 1 points What is the most important cause of pulmonary artery constriction? Selected Answer: Low alveolar partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO 2) • Question 25 1 out of 1 points In teaching a women's community group, which risk factor does the healthcare professional teach is related to high morbidity of cancer of the colon, uterus, and kidney? Selected Answer: Women who have a high body mass index • Question 261 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which patient does the professional assess for pulmonary emboli (PE) as the priority? Selected Answer: Deep venous thrombosis • Question 27 1 out of 1 points What is the second most commonly recognized genetic cause of intellectual disability? Selected Answer: Fragile X syndrome • Question 28 1 out of 1 points A person has acne, easy bruising, thin extremities, and truncal obesity. The healthcare professional assesses the person for which of these? Selected Answer: Use of glucocorticoids • Question 29 1 out of 1 points What is the cause of functional dysphagia? Selected Answer: Neural or muscular disorders • Question 30 1 out of 1 points What effect is a result of inhibiting the parasympathetic nervous system with a drug such as atropine? Selected Answer: Salivation decreases.