PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING - the
systematic use of tests to quantify
psychophysical behavior, abilities and
problems and to make predictions about MAIN MEASURES OF TENDENCY
psychological performance.
MEAN - represents the arithmetic average of
PYCHOLOGICAL TESTS - are standardized all scores.
measures of a particular psychological
MEDIAN - the middle score when all scores
variable.
are arranged in numerical order.
STATISTICS - the science of collecting,
MODE - represents the most frequently
analyzing, presenting, and interpreting data.
occurring score.
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION - organized
STANDARD DEVIATION - the distance along
tabulation/ graphical representation of the
the base line of a distribution curve.
number of individuals in each category on the
scale of measurement. 1. Find the mean
2. Subtract mean from each score to get
FREQUENCY - refers to how many numbers
a deviation or difference
fall within a category.
3. Square each deviation (will always be
NORMAL DISTRIBUTION CURVE – bell positive)
curved; data is symmetrically distributed. 4. Add the squared deviation
5. Divide the sum of the square deviation
SKEWED DISTRIBUTION CURVE - data
by the number of scores
points more toward one side of the scale than
6. Take the square root of the ratio to get
the other, curve that is not symmetrical. Right
the standard deviation.
skewed is positive; Left skewed is negative.
CENTILE SCORE - method of expressing a
BIMODAL DISTRIBUTION CURVE - two
person’s place in the distribution scale.
separate groups or processes within the data.
CENTILE - the score below which a certain
MULTIMODAL DISTRIBUTION CURVE -
percentage of the observations may be
probability distribution with more than one
found.
peak, or mode.
PRODUCT-MOMENT CORRELATION
UNIFORM DISTRIBUTION CURVE -
COEFFICIENT - a measure of the linear
probability distributions with equally likely
relationship between 2 variables.
outcomes.
RANK-DIFFERENCE CORRELATION
UNORDERED DISTRIBUTION - set of
COEFFICIENT - measures the strength and
measurements where the numbers are
direction of the association between two
arranged in commons but are not in any
ranked variables.
order.
RELIABILITY - whether the test scores are
RANKED DISTRIBUTION - data is arranged
self-consistent or not.
in order form the highest to the lowest.
VALIDITY - how well the tests come up with
RANDOM SAMPLING - sampling technique
what they are supposed to measure, and how
where every member of the population is
well they can predict according to acceptable
given an equal chance of being selected as a
criterion.
respondent.
STANDARDIZATION - the establishment of
QUOTA SAMPLING - respondents are
uniform conditions while administering the
selected so that a certain percentage falls
test to all respondents, as well as a uniform
into prescribed categories.
method for evaluating responses.
, STANDARDIZED GROUP - a carefully emotions, motivations, and
selected and representative sample of personality.
individuals used for the purpose of
INTELLIGENCE TESTS - intended to
establishing norms or standards in tests or
measure intellectual ability.
assessments.
ALFRED BINET AND THEODORE SIMON -
KINDS OF TESTS
developed the first intelligence test.
1. APTITUDE TESTS - attempt to predict
MENTAL AGE - refers to estimating a child’s
the success of an individual in a kind
intellectual performance by comparing the
of performance not yet attained.
child’s score with the average intelligence
2. ACHIEVEMENT TESTS - measure
scores of children of the same age.
present attainment or what the
respondent has learned after the BINET-SIMON SCALE - first standardized
completion of a training. intelligence test.
3. RATING SCALES - tools used to
LEWIS TERMAN - created the Stanford-Binet
assess or evaluate the performance,
Intelligence Scale in 1916; introduced the
behavior or characteristics of an
intelligence quotient (IQ) as an index of
individual or objects.
mental development.
4. INTERVIEWS - gathering information
about an individual's psychological and
140 & Genius
emotional functioning through direct
ABOVE
verbal communication.
5. SELF-INVENTORIES - psychological 130 – 139 Very Superior
instruments designed to measure 120 – 129 Superior
various aspects of an individual’s 110 - 119 Bright Normal
personality, behavior, emotions or 90 – 109 Average
attitudes through their own self- Normal
reported responses. 80 – 89 Dull Normal
6. PROJECTIVE TESTS - a category of 70 – 79 Borderline
psychological assessments designed 50 – 69 Moron
to reveal aspects of an individual’s 20 – 49 Imbecile
unconscious thoughts, feelings, and 0 – 19 Idiot
personality traits by interpreting their
responses to ambiguous stimuli. MENTAL RETARDATION - is an intellectual
RORSCHACH INKBLOT - a disability that results in intellectual capabilities
person is asked to describe what significantly below average.
he or she sees in 10 inkblots, of
RETARDED - refers to being mentally slow.
which some are black or gray and
others have patches of color. Below Profound Mental Retardation
HOLTZMAN INKBLOT - involves 20
showing individuals a series of 20 – 34 Severe Mental Retardation
inkblots and analyzing their 35 – 49 Moderate Mental Retardation
interpretations, which can provide 50 – 69 Mild Mental Retardation
insights into their personality traits, 70 – 89 Borderline Intellectual
and potential mental health Functioning
conditions.
THEMATIC APPRECIATION TEST CAUSES OF MENTAL RETARDATION:
- a type of projective test that 1. Organic or related to physical
involves describing scenes/pictures disorders
to learn more about a person's
systematic use of tests to quantify
psychophysical behavior, abilities and
problems and to make predictions about MAIN MEASURES OF TENDENCY
psychological performance.
MEAN - represents the arithmetic average of
PYCHOLOGICAL TESTS - are standardized all scores.
measures of a particular psychological
MEDIAN - the middle score when all scores
variable.
are arranged in numerical order.
STATISTICS - the science of collecting,
MODE - represents the most frequently
analyzing, presenting, and interpreting data.
occurring score.
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION - organized
STANDARD DEVIATION - the distance along
tabulation/ graphical representation of the
the base line of a distribution curve.
number of individuals in each category on the
scale of measurement. 1. Find the mean
2. Subtract mean from each score to get
FREQUENCY - refers to how many numbers
a deviation or difference
fall within a category.
3. Square each deviation (will always be
NORMAL DISTRIBUTION CURVE – bell positive)
curved; data is symmetrically distributed. 4. Add the squared deviation
5. Divide the sum of the square deviation
SKEWED DISTRIBUTION CURVE - data
by the number of scores
points more toward one side of the scale than
6. Take the square root of the ratio to get
the other, curve that is not symmetrical. Right
the standard deviation.
skewed is positive; Left skewed is negative.
CENTILE SCORE - method of expressing a
BIMODAL DISTRIBUTION CURVE - two
person’s place in the distribution scale.
separate groups or processes within the data.
CENTILE - the score below which a certain
MULTIMODAL DISTRIBUTION CURVE -
percentage of the observations may be
probability distribution with more than one
found.
peak, or mode.
PRODUCT-MOMENT CORRELATION
UNIFORM DISTRIBUTION CURVE -
COEFFICIENT - a measure of the linear
probability distributions with equally likely
relationship between 2 variables.
outcomes.
RANK-DIFFERENCE CORRELATION
UNORDERED DISTRIBUTION - set of
COEFFICIENT - measures the strength and
measurements where the numbers are
direction of the association between two
arranged in commons but are not in any
ranked variables.
order.
RELIABILITY - whether the test scores are
RANKED DISTRIBUTION - data is arranged
self-consistent or not.
in order form the highest to the lowest.
VALIDITY - how well the tests come up with
RANDOM SAMPLING - sampling technique
what they are supposed to measure, and how
where every member of the population is
well they can predict according to acceptable
given an equal chance of being selected as a
criterion.
respondent.
STANDARDIZATION - the establishment of
QUOTA SAMPLING - respondents are
uniform conditions while administering the
selected so that a certain percentage falls
test to all respondents, as well as a uniform
into prescribed categories.
method for evaluating responses.
, STANDARDIZED GROUP - a carefully emotions, motivations, and
selected and representative sample of personality.
individuals used for the purpose of
INTELLIGENCE TESTS - intended to
establishing norms or standards in tests or
measure intellectual ability.
assessments.
ALFRED BINET AND THEODORE SIMON -
KINDS OF TESTS
developed the first intelligence test.
1. APTITUDE TESTS - attempt to predict
MENTAL AGE - refers to estimating a child’s
the success of an individual in a kind
intellectual performance by comparing the
of performance not yet attained.
child’s score with the average intelligence
2. ACHIEVEMENT TESTS - measure
scores of children of the same age.
present attainment or what the
respondent has learned after the BINET-SIMON SCALE - first standardized
completion of a training. intelligence test.
3. RATING SCALES - tools used to
LEWIS TERMAN - created the Stanford-Binet
assess or evaluate the performance,
Intelligence Scale in 1916; introduced the
behavior or characteristics of an
intelligence quotient (IQ) as an index of
individual or objects.
mental development.
4. INTERVIEWS - gathering information
about an individual's psychological and
140 & Genius
emotional functioning through direct
ABOVE
verbal communication.
5. SELF-INVENTORIES - psychological 130 – 139 Very Superior
instruments designed to measure 120 – 129 Superior
various aspects of an individual’s 110 - 119 Bright Normal
personality, behavior, emotions or 90 – 109 Average
attitudes through their own self- Normal
reported responses. 80 – 89 Dull Normal
6. PROJECTIVE TESTS - a category of 70 – 79 Borderline
psychological assessments designed 50 – 69 Moron
to reveal aspects of an individual’s 20 – 49 Imbecile
unconscious thoughts, feelings, and 0 – 19 Idiot
personality traits by interpreting their
responses to ambiguous stimuli. MENTAL RETARDATION - is an intellectual
RORSCHACH INKBLOT - a disability that results in intellectual capabilities
person is asked to describe what significantly below average.
he or she sees in 10 inkblots, of
RETARDED - refers to being mentally slow.
which some are black or gray and
others have patches of color. Below Profound Mental Retardation
HOLTZMAN INKBLOT - involves 20
showing individuals a series of 20 – 34 Severe Mental Retardation
inkblots and analyzing their 35 – 49 Moderate Mental Retardation
interpretations, which can provide 50 – 69 Mild Mental Retardation
insights into their personality traits, 70 – 89 Borderline Intellectual
and potential mental health Functioning
conditions.
THEMATIC APPRECIATION TEST CAUSES OF MENTAL RETARDATION:
- a type of projective test that 1. Organic or related to physical
involves describing scenes/pictures disorders
to learn more about a person's
