Pathophysiology - BIOD 331 - Module 1
BIOD 331 Final Exam Newest 2025
Complete Questions And Correct
Answers (Verified Answers) |Already
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What is the definition of "pathophysiology"? - correct
answer..Pathophysiology is defined as not only the cellular and organ
changes that occur with disease, but also the effects that these changes
have on total body function.
Name the 5 etiologic factors and give an example if listed. - correct
answer..Etiologic factors are the causes of a disease.
1. Physical forces: trauma, burns, etc
2. Chemical agents: poisons, alcohol
3. Biological agents: bacteria, viruses
4. Genetic predisposition: inherent genes from both parents but you don't
necessarily develop the disease but are predispositioned to it
5. Nutritional excess or deficiencies: Iodine deficiency can lead to
hypothyroidism. Nutritional excess in carbohydrates can lead to irritable
bowel syndrome.
What are the 2 types of risk factors? - correct answer..Congenital:
present at birth
Acquired: occur after birth
What is the difference between morphology and histology? - correct
answer..Morphology is defined as the fundamental structure or form of
, cells or tissues. Histology is the study of the cells and extracellular
matrix of body tissues.
Describe the difference between signs and symptoms and give an
example of each. - correct answer..These both relate to manifestations
of a disease. Signs is an objective manifestation while symptoms are a
subjective complaint. Signs are apparent to the physician, symptoms are
apparent to the patient.
Define endocytosis. - correct answer..Endocytosis is the process by
which a cell takes in substances from outside itself by engulfing them in
a vesicle (such as nutrients or pathogens that immune cells engulf and
destroy).
What is pinocytosis? - correct answer..Pinocytosis is "cell drinking",
where the cell engulfs small solid or fluid particles such as proteins and
electrolytes.
What is phagocytosis? - correct answer..Phagocytosis means "cell
eating" where the membrane engulfs then kills microorganisms or other
molecules. Once the particle is enclosed, a phagosome is formed and it
moved into the cytoplasm where a lysosome meets it to be destroyed.
(think: white blood cells, leukocytes)
Why are ion channels necessary? - correct answer..Ions are unable to
cross the cell membrane due to the arrangement of hydrophilic heads
and hydrophobic tails in the lipid bilayer. In order to cross the
membrane, they must interact with membrane receptors.
What is primary active transport? - correct answer..ATP is used directly
to transport the substance
What is secondary active transport? - correct answer..Energy is derived
from the primary active transport of one substance, usually sodium, for
the cotransport of a second substance
BIOD 331 Final Exam Newest 2025
Complete Questions And Correct
Answers (Verified Answers) |Already
Graded A+
What is the definition of "pathophysiology"? - correct
answer..Pathophysiology is defined as not only the cellular and organ
changes that occur with disease, but also the effects that these changes
have on total body function.
Name the 5 etiologic factors and give an example if listed. - correct
answer..Etiologic factors are the causes of a disease.
1. Physical forces: trauma, burns, etc
2. Chemical agents: poisons, alcohol
3. Biological agents: bacteria, viruses
4. Genetic predisposition: inherent genes from both parents but you don't
necessarily develop the disease but are predispositioned to it
5. Nutritional excess or deficiencies: Iodine deficiency can lead to
hypothyroidism. Nutritional excess in carbohydrates can lead to irritable
bowel syndrome.
What are the 2 types of risk factors? - correct answer..Congenital:
present at birth
Acquired: occur after birth
What is the difference between morphology and histology? - correct
answer..Morphology is defined as the fundamental structure or form of
, cells or tissues. Histology is the study of the cells and extracellular
matrix of body tissues.
Describe the difference between signs and symptoms and give an
example of each. - correct answer..These both relate to manifestations
of a disease. Signs is an objective manifestation while symptoms are a
subjective complaint. Signs are apparent to the physician, symptoms are
apparent to the patient.
Define endocytosis. - correct answer..Endocytosis is the process by
which a cell takes in substances from outside itself by engulfing them in
a vesicle (such as nutrients or pathogens that immune cells engulf and
destroy).
What is pinocytosis? - correct answer..Pinocytosis is "cell drinking",
where the cell engulfs small solid or fluid particles such as proteins and
electrolytes.
What is phagocytosis? - correct answer..Phagocytosis means "cell
eating" where the membrane engulfs then kills microorganisms or other
molecules. Once the particle is enclosed, a phagosome is formed and it
moved into the cytoplasm where a lysosome meets it to be destroyed.
(think: white blood cells, leukocytes)
Why are ion channels necessary? - correct answer..Ions are unable to
cross the cell membrane due to the arrangement of hydrophilic heads
and hydrophobic tails in the lipid bilayer. In order to cross the
membrane, they must interact with membrane receptors.
What is primary active transport? - correct answer..ATP is used directly
to transport the substance
What is secondary active transport? - correct answer..Energy is derived
from the primary active transport of one substance, usually sodium, for
the cotransport of a second substance
