HMX GENETICS NEWEST VERSION 2025
Actual Exam Questions and Verified
Answers | 100% Correct.
statistical significance ✔✔CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔whether
difference between groups being studied are "real" or whether
they're simply due to chance
variant effect size ✔✔CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔magnitude of
effect of variant on phenotype
variant frequency ✔✔CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔relative
frequency of an allele (variant) at particular locus
common trait risk ✔✔CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔determined by
cumulative effects of many small effect variants and
environment. Can be estimated from risk of subset of
individuals who have similar characteristics. Can be reported as
absolute/relative risk, and in case of latter, it's important to
know baseline risk
autosomal DNA ✔✔CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔general ancestry
,ancestry ✔✔CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔family/ethnic descent
carrier risk ✔✔CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔risk of being a carrier
diversity ✔✔CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔total genetic
characteristics in genetic makeup of species
evolutionary forces ✔✔CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔5: small
population, nonrandom mating, mutation, gene flow, natural
selection. Cause evolution
fixation of a genetic trait ✔✔CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔change in
gene pool where 2 variant existence goes to where 1 allele
remains
gene flow ✔✔CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔introduction of new
variants into a population (migration)
genetic drift ✔✔CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔random events that
can occur by chance that aren't related to genetics. More likely
,to lead to loss or fixation of allele in small than in large
populations
haplotype block ✔✔CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔region of
organism's genome in which there's little evidence of history of
gene. genetic diversity in population can be estimated by
counting # of haplotypes in population
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium model ✔✔CORRECT
ANSWERS✔✔allele frequencies in a population should not
change unless being acted upon by an evolutionary force
linkage disequilibrium ✔✔CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔genes that
deviate from independent assortment association between
genes isn't random. Genetic relationship between 2 loci,
admixture - recent mixing of 2 populations, recent mutational
event that produces new variation
Mitochondrial DNA tracing ✔✔CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔can be
used to trace maternal lineage
negative selection ✔✔CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔trait not selected
--> not favored
, population ✔✔CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔groups of people who
can be defined by common characteristics (geography, ancestry,
society, and culture)
population specific variant ✔✔CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔affect
population, GWAS
positive selection ✔✔CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔new
advantageous genetic variants sweep a population
relatedness ✔✔CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔state of being related
or connected
selection ✔✔CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔process in which
environmental or genetic influences determine which types of
organisms thrive better than others
Y chromosome tracing ✔✔CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔can be used
to trace paternal lineage
Actual Exam Questions and Verified
Answers | 100% Correct.
statistical significance ✔✔CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔whether
difference between groups being studied are "real" or whether
they're simply due to chance
variant effect size ✔✔CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔magnitude of
effect of variant on phenotype
variant frequency ✔✔CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔relative
frequency of an allele (variant) at particular locus
common trait risk ✔✔CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔determined by
cumulative effects of many small effect variants and
environment. Can be estimated from risk of subset of
individuals who have similar characteristics. Can be reported as
absolute/relative risk, and in case of latter, it's important to
know baseline risk
autosomal DNA ✔✔CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔general ancestry
,ancestry ✔✔CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔family/ethnic descent
carrier risk ✔✔CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔risk of being a carrier
diversity ✔✔CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔total genetic
characteristics in genetic makeup of species
evolutionary forces ✔✔CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔5: small
population, nonrandom mating, mutation, gene flow, natural
selection. Cause evolution
fixation of a genetic trait ✔✔CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔change in
gene pool where 2 variant existence goes to where 1 allele
remains
gene flow ✔✔CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔introduction of new
variants into a population (migration)
genetic drift ✔✔CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔random events that
can occur by chance that aren't related to genetics. More likely
,to lead to loss or fixation of allele in small than in large
populations
haplotype block ✔✔CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔region of
organism's genome in which there's little evidence of history of
gene. genetic diversity in population can be estimated by
counting # of haplotypes in population
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium model ✔✔CORRECT
ANSWERS✔✔allele frequencies in a population should not
change unless being acted upon by an evolutionary force
linkage disequilibrium ✔✔CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔genes that
deviate from independent assortment association between
genes isn't random. Genetic relationship between 2 loci,
admixture - recent mixing of 2 populations, recent mutational
event that produces new variation
Mitochondrial DNA tracing ✔✔CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔can be
used to trace maternal lineage
negative selection ✔✔CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔trait not selected
--> not favored
, population ✔✔CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔groups of people who
can be defined by common characteristics (geography, ancestry,
society, and culture)
population specific variant ✔✔CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔affect
population, GWAS
positive selection ✔✔CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔new
advantageous genetic variants sweep a population
relatedness ✔✔CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔state of being related
or connected
selection ✔✔CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔process in which
environmental or genetic influences determine which types of
organisms thrive better than others
Y chromosome tracing ✔✔CORRECT ANSWERS✔✔can be used
to trace paternal lineage
