6/28/25, 10:14
AM
HARTMAN'S CNA CHAPTER 4 TERMS EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE GRADED A++
2025/2026
Terms in this set (374)
Homeostasis The condition in which all the body's systems are working their
best.
Metabolism The body's physical and chemical processes.
Integumentary Body System 1
Muscoloskeletal Body System 2
Nervous Body System 3
Circulatory or Cardiovascular Body System 4
Respiratory Body System 5
Urinary Body System 6
Gastrointestinal Body System 7
Endocrine Body System 8
Reproductive Body System 9
Immune and Lymphatic Body System 10
Includes skin, sweat glands, hair follicles, tiny blood vessels, and
Integumentary System tiny nerve endings.
Protective covering that protects organs, prevents loss
of too much water, and protects against bacteria or
germs.
Capillaries Tiny blood vessels
Epidermis, Dermis, Three layers of skin
Subcutaneous Tissue
Dilate Widen
Constrict Narrow
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5
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AM
Skin is thinner, drier, more fragile, less elastic, feels
Normal Skin Aging colder due to fat loss, hair thins and may turn gray,
wrinkles and brown spots appear, nails are harder and
more
brittle, dry itchy skin is possible
Includes muscles, bones, ligaments, tendons, and
Muscoloskeletal System cartilage that give the body shape and structure. They
work together to move the body, protect organs,
maintain
posture, and produce heat.
206 # of bones in the body
Joint Where two bones meet
Tendons Where muscles are joined to bones
Atrophy Muscle wasting away, decreasing in size, and becoming weak
Contracture When muscles shortern, become inflexible, and freeze in
position.
Muscles weaken and lose tone, body movement slows,
Normal Muscoloskeletal
bones lose density, joints may stiffen and become
Changes
painful, height is gradually lost.
Arthritis Inflammation of the joints.
Autoimmune Illness Causes the body's immune system to attack normal tissue in the
body.
A common type of arthritis that affects the elderly. Hips,
Osteoarthritis
knees, fingers, thumbs, and spine are commonly
affected.
Can affect all ages. Joints become red, swollen, and very
Rheumatoid Arthritis
painful.Movement is restricted.
Causes bones to become porous and brittle due to age,
Osteoporosis
lack of hormones, lack of calcium in bones, alcohol, or
lack of exercise.
Menopause The end of menstruation
PWB Partial Weight Bearing
Partial Weight Bearing The resident is able to support some weight on one or both legs
2/
5
AM
HARTMAN'S CNA CHAPTER 4 TERMS EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE GRADED A++
2025/2026
Terms in this set (374)
Homeostasis The condition in which all the body's systems are working their
best.
Metabolism The body's physical and chemical processes.
Integumentary Body System 1
Muscoloskeletal Body System 2
Nervous Body System 3
Circulatory or Cardiovascular Body System 4
Respiratory Body System 5
Urinary Body System 6
Gastrointestinal Body System 7
Endocrine Body System 8
Reproductive Body System 9
Immune and Lymphatic Body System 10
Includes skin, sweat glands, hair follicles, tiny blood vessels, and
Integumentary System tiny nerve endings.
Protective covering that protects organs, prevents loss
of too much water, and protects against bacteria or
germs.
Capillaries Tiny blood vessels
Epidermis, Dermis, Three layers of skin
Subcutaneous Tissue
Dilate Widen
Constrict Narrow
1/
5
, 6/28/25, 10:14
AM
Skin is thinner, drier, more fragile, less elastic, feels
Normal Skin Aging colder due to fat loss, hair thins and may turn gray,
wrinkles and brown spots appear, nails are harder and
more
brittle, dry itchy skin is possible
Includes muscles, bones, ligaments, tendons, and
Muscoloskeletal System cartilage that give the body shape and structure. They
work together to move the body, protect organs,
maintain
posture, and produce heat.
206 # of bones in the body
Joint Where two bones meet
Tendons Where muscles are joined to bones
Atrophy Muscle wasting away, decreasing in size, and becoming weak
Contracture When muscles shortern, become inflexible, and freeze in
position.
Muscles weaken and lose tone, body movement slows,
Normal Muscoloskeletal
bones lose density, joints may stiffen and become
Changes
painful, height is gradually lost.
Arthritis Inflammation of the joints.
Autoimmune Illness Causes the body's immune system to attack normal tissue in the
body.
A common type of arthritis that affects the elderly. Hips,
Osteoarthritis
knees, fingers, thumbs, and spine are commonly
affected.
Can affect all ages. Joints become red, swollen, and very
Rheumatoid Arthritis
painful.Movement is restricted.
Causes bones to become porous and brittle due to age,
Osteoporosis
lack of hormones, lack of calcium in bones, alcohol, or
lack of exercise.
Menopause The end of menstruation
PWB Partial Weight Bearing
Partial Weight Bearing The resident is able to support some weight on one or both legs
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