APEA- Cardiovascular Assessment Questions with Verified Answers

To auscultate the tricuspid valve heart sounds in an adult patient, place the stethoscope: between the 2nd and 3rd intercostal spaces at the right upper sternal border. near the apex of the heart between the 5th and 6th intercostal spaces in the mid-clavicular line. located between the 2nd and 3rd intercostal spaces at the left sternal border. between the 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th intercostal spaces at the left lower sternal border. - ANSWERSbetween the 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th intercostal spaces at the left lower sternal border. To auscultate the heart sounds arising from the pulmonic valve in an adult patient, place the stethoscope: near the apex of the heart between the 5th and 6th intercostal spaces in the mid-clavicular line. between the 2nd and 3rd intercostal spaces at the right upper sternal border. between the 2nd and 3rd intercostal spaces at the left sternal border. between the 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th intercostal spaces at the left lower sternal border. - ANSWERSbetween the 2nd and 3rd intercostal spaces at the left sternal border. What heart sounds are heard during auscultation of a man with Marfan syndrome who has a known mitral valve prolapse? An opening snap A mid-systolic click A flat blowing pitch A fourth heart sound (S4) - ANSWERSA mid-systolic click Pulse pressure is determined by subtracting diastolic blood pressure (DSP) from systolic blood pressure (SBP). A widened pulse pressure means that: the SBP drops 20 mm Hg within 3 minutes of standing. the difference is 100 mm Hg. the DBP is greater than the SBP. the difference is 40 mm Hg. - ANSWERSthe difference is 100 mm Hg. A disease that may present as indigestion, but is precipitated by exertion and relieved by rest is most likely: gastroesophageal reflux. inflammatory bowel disease. angina. aortic stenosis. - ANSWERSangina. A patient complains of some pain in the distal portions of her fingers on both hands. She states that it tends to occur more frequently with exposure to cold. These symptoms may be consistent with: intermittent claudication. Raynaud's disease. deep venous thrombosis. superficial thrombophlebitis. - ANSWERSRaynaud's disease. Pain or cramping of the legs that occurs during exertion and is relieved by rest is termed: neurogenic claudication. intermittent claudication. atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease. Raynaud's disease. - ANSWERSintermittent claudication. A sudden, tearing, sharp pain that begins in the chest and radiates to the back or into the neck is usually associated with: angina pectoris. a myocardial infarction. an aortic dissection. pericarditis. - ANSWERSan aortic dissection. A twelve-month-old has a history of heart failure related to his congenital heart defect. He is receiving aldactone (Spironolactone), enalapril (Vasotec), furosemide (Lasix), and acetaminophen (Tylenol). The infant's potassium level is 3.1 mEq/l. Which medication is most likely decreasing his potassium level? Aldactone (Spironolactone) Furosemide (Lasix) Enalapril (Vasotec) Acetaminophen (Tylenol) - ANSWERSFurosemide (Lasix) A patient complains of a tight, bursting pain in the calf that increases with walking. Elevation of the leg sometimes relieves the pain. These symptoms may be consistent with: intermittent claudication. Raynaud's disease. deep venous thrombosis. superficial thrombophlebitis. - ANSWERSdeep venous thrombosis. Symptoms of orthostatic hypotension include all of the following except: syncope. unsteadiness. visual blurring. respiratory rate greater than 30. - ANSWERSrespiratory rate greater than 30. When auscultating the heart for aortic insufficiency, ask the patient to: lie supine and inhale. exhale while standing. turn to the left side and breath deeply. sit up, lean forward, and exhale. - ANSWERSsit up, lean forward, and exhale. When palpating the carotid pulse, it is important to: place the fingers on the upper third of the neck. palpate both carotids simultaneously. position the patient in the lying or sitting positions. position the patient's chin on the chest. - ANSWERSposition the patient in the lying or sitting positions. A disparity between the brachial and femoral pulses in a 4-month-old could indicate: an atrial septal defect (ASD). Tetralogy of Fallot. coarctation of the aorta (COA). tricuspid atresia (TA). - ANSWERScoarctation of the aorta (COA). The ankle-brachial index is a screening test used to assess a person's risk for: deep venous thrombosis. peripheral artery disease. venous insufficiency. thromboangiitis obliterans. - ANSWERSperipheral artery disease. When auscultating the heart, a scratchy, continuous murmur is audible during atrial systole and ventricular systole and diastole. This finding may be indicative of a: pericardial friction rub. venous hum. patent ductus arteriosus. ventricular septal defect. - ANSWERSpericardial friction rub. Characteristic symptoms of chronic arterial insufficiency may include which one of the following? Persistent leg pain Petechiae leading to brown pigmentation noted over the feet Feet warm to touch Feet appear pale on elevation and dusky red on dependency - ANSWERSFeet appear pale on elevation and dusky red on dependency The hemodynamic changes resulting from structural defects in children can lead to heart failure. The most common reason for these changes is related to: volume and pressure overload resulting in increased cardiac output. volume and pressure overload resulting in decreased cardiac output. increased heart rate increasing cardiac output. decreased blood volume. - ANSWERSvolume and pressure overload resulting in decreased cardiac output A patient complains of increased pain in the calf muscles and buttocks especially after walking or riding his bicycle. He states that the pain stops after he sits still for about 2-3 minutes. This condition may be associated with: intermittent claudication. Raynaud's disease. deep venous thrombosis. superficial thrombophlebitis. - ANSWERSintermittent claudication. When auscultating the apex of the heart in an 8-year-old, the bell of the stethoscope should be placed at the: third intercostal space lateral to the midclavicular line. fifth intercostal space to the left of the midclavicular line. fourth intercostal space lateral of the midclavicular line. fifth intercostal space to the right of the midclavicular line. - ANSWERSfifth intercostal space to the left of the midclavicular line. When assessing a 3-year-old African American child, the most likely cause of black, dusky mucous membranes is related to: jaundice. pallor. erythema. cyanosis. - ANSWERScyanosis. Absent or diminished pulses in the wrist could be indicative of: varicosities. right-sided heart failure. venous insufficiency. arterial occlusive disease. - ANSWERSarterial occlusive disease. Causes of orthostatic hypotension in older adults may include all of the following except: diabetes. cardiovascular disorders. medications. impaired visual acuity. - ANSWERSimpaired visual acuity. A third heart sound (S3) is audible in a forty-five-year old. This S3 sound may be: normal for this age group. a sign of valvular heart disease. a sign of heart disease. associated with a jugular venous hum. - ANSWERSa sign of valvular heart disease.