Major Field Test in Psychology Exam Questions And Answers Verified 100% Correct

Major Field Test in Psychology Exam Questions And Answers Verified 100% Correct Stability vs change - ANSWER do our early personality traits persist through life or do we become different persons as we age? rooting reflex - ANSWER when something touches their cheek babies turn toward that touch open then mouth and root for a nipple. Schemas - ANSWER concepts or molds into which we pour our experiences assimilate - ANSWER piaget stated that we interpret new things in terms of our current understanding (schemas) accommodate - ANSWER adjust our schemas to incorporate information provided by new experiences Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development - ANSWER 1. Sensorimotor- experiencing world through senses 2. Preoperational- representing things with words 3. concrete operational- thinking logically 4. formal operational- abstract reasoning object permanence - ANSWER out of sight/out of mind. The awareness that objects continue to exist when not perceived. conservation - ANSWER the principle that the quantity remains the same despite changes in shape egocentric - ANSWER preschool childrens difficultly perceiving things from another's point of view theory of mind - ANSWER peoples ideas about their own and others mental states critical period - ANSWER an optimal period when certain events must take place to facilitate proper development imprinting - ANSWER the process by which certain animals form attachments authoritarian parenting style - ANSWER impose rules and expect obedience permissive parents - ANSWER submit to their children's desires authoritative - ANSWER parents that are both demanding and responsive. kohlbergs stages of morality - ANSWER 1. preconventional morality- self interest 2. conventional morality- caring for others 3. actions are judged "right" because they flow from peoples rights Erikson's stages of psychosocial development - ANSWER 1. trust vs. mistrust 2. autonomy vs shame 3. initiative vs guilt 4. industry vs inferiority 5. identity vs role confusion 6. intimacy vs isolation 7. generativity vs stagnation 8. integrity vs despair crystallized intelligence - ANSWER our accumulated knowledge as reflected in vocab and tests fluid intelligence - ANSWER our ability to reason speedlily and abstractly Sensation - ANSWER the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from the environment perception - ANSWER the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information bottom-up processing - ANSWER sensory analysis that starts at the entry level top-down processing - ANSWER information processing guided by higher-level mental processes as we construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations absolute threshold - ANSWER minimum stimulation necessary to detect a particular stimulus. the point at which we detect a stimulus half the time difference threshold - ANSWER also called the just noticeable difference is the minimum difference a person can detect between any two stimuli half the time Webers law - ANSWER for their difference to be perceptible, two stimuli must differ by a constant proportion sensory adaptation - ANSWER our diminishing sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus wavelength - ANSWER the distance from one wave peak to the next hue - ANSWER the color that we experience intensity - ANSWER the amount of energy in a light wave: influences our perception of its brightness cornea - ANSWER light enters the eye here (bends the light and protects the eye) rods - ANSWER retinal receptors that detect black white and gray and are necessary for peripheral and twilight vision cones - ANSWER retinal receptors that are concentrated near the center of the retina and that function in daylight. they detect fine detail optic nerve - ANSWER carries information to your brain (where the thalamus will receive and distribute the information) blind spot - ANSWER where the optic nerve leaves the eye fovea - ANSWER the retina's area of central focus Young-Helmholtz trichromatic (three-color) theory - ANSWER the theory that the retina contains three different color receptors- one most sensitive to red, one to green, and one to blue which in combination can produce the perception of any color. Hering's opponent-process theory - ANSWER the theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green, blue-yellow, white-black) enable color vision. kinesthesis - ANSWER your sense of position and movement of your body parts nociceptors - ANSWER sensory receptors that detect harmful temperatures, pressures, or chemicals. gestalt - ANSWER an organized whole. Psychologists emphasized our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes. figure-ground - ANSWER the organization of the visual field into objects (the figures) that stand out from their surroundings grouping - ANSWER the tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups visual cliff - ANSWER a laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and animals associative learning - ANSWER linking two events that occur closely together