DISTINCTION BETWEEN
THERMODYNAMICS MECHANICS AND
THERMODYNAMICS
- From the Greek word
“therme” which means “heat” and In MECHANICS it concentrates on
“dynamis” which means power. the motion of particles or bodies
under the action forces and
- In 1749, William Thomson
torques. In THERMODYNAMICS it
coined the term thermodynamics.
is concerned with the internal
- It deals with the concepts of macroscopic state of the body.
heat and temperature and the
THERMODYNAMICS TIMELINE
inter-conversion of heat and other
forms of energy. 1712 – Newcomen invented an
improved steam engine.
- Thermodynamics in physics is
a branch that deals with heat, 1798 - Count Rumford began
work, and temperature, and their canon boring experiments (dealing
relation to energy, radiation and with the conversion of work into
physical properties of matter. heat).
- To be specific, it explains how 1824 – Carnot published
thermal energy is converted to or “Reflections on the Movie Power of
from other forms of energy and Fire”
how matter is affected by this
process. Thermal energy is the 1840 – Mayer (1842), Joule
energy that comes from heat. This (1847), and Hermholtz (1847)
heat is generated by the independently arrived at the
movement of tiny particles within conservation of energy principle.
an object, and the faster these
particles move, the more heat is 1850 – Clausius formulated the
generated. Second Law of Thermodynamics
, BRANCHES OF BASIC CONCEPTS OF
THERMODYNAMICS THERMODYNAMICS
CLASSICAL THERMODYNAMICS THERMODYNAMIC SYSTEMS
In classical thermodynamics, the
behavior of matter is analyzed with - a specific portion of matter
a macroscopic approach. Units with a definite boundary on which
such as temperature and pressure our attention is focused. The
are taken into consideration, which system boundary may be real or
helps the individuals calculate imaginary, fixed or deformable.
other properties and predict the
- ISOLATED SYSTEM - a
characteristics of the matter
system that cannot exchange
undergoing the process.
energy and mass with its
STATISTICAL surroundings.
THERMODYNAMICS
- The universe is considered an
In statistical thermodynamics,
isolated system.
every molecule is under the
spotlight, i.e. the properties of - CLOSED SYSTEM - a system
every molecule and how they where a transfer of energy takes
interact are taken into place but the transfer of mass
consideration to characterize the doesn’t take place.
behavior of a group of molecules.
- Refrigerator, compression of gas
CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS in the piston-cylinder assembly are
Chemical thermodynamics is the examples of closed systems.
study of how work and heat relate
to each other in chemical reactions - OPEN SYSTEM - system
and in changes of states. where both the mass and energy
may be transferred between the
EQUILIBRIUM system and surroundings.
THERMODYNAMICS
Equilibrium thermodynamics is the - a steam turbine is an example of
study of transformations of energy an open system
and matter as they approach the
state of equilibrium.
THERMODYNAMICS MECHANICS AND
THERMODYNAMICS
- From the Greek word
“therme” which means “heat” and In MECHANICS it concentrates on
“dynamis” which means power. the motion of particles or bodies
under the action forces and
- In 1749, William Thomson
torques. In THERMODYNAMICS it
coined the term thermodynamics.
is concerned with the internal
- It deals with the concepts of macroscopic state of the body.
heat and temperature and the
THERMODYNAMICS TIMELINE
inter-conversion of heat and other
forms of energy. 1712 – Newcomen invented an
improved steam engine.
- Thermodynamics in physics is
a branch that deals with heat, 1798 - Count Rumford began
work, and temperature, and their canon boring experiments (dealing
relation to energy, radiation and with the conversion of work into
physical properties of matter. heat).
- To be specific, it explains how 1824 – Carnot published
thermal energy is converted to or “Reflections on the Movie Power of
from other forms of energy and Fire”
how matter is affected by this
process. Thermal energy is the 1840 – Mayer (1842), Joule
energy that comes from heat. This (1847), and Hermholtz (1847)
heat is generated by the independently arrived at the
movement of tiny particles within conservation of energy principle.
an object, and the faster these
particles move, the more heat is 1850 – Clausius formulated the
generated. Second Law of Thermodynamics
, BRANCHES OF BASIC CONCEPTS OF
THERMODYNAMICS THERMODYNAMICS
CLASSICAL THERMODYNAMICS THERMODYNAMIC SYSTEMS
In classical thermodynamics, the
behavior of matter is analyzed with - a specific portion of matter
a macroscopic approach. Units with a definite boundary on which
such as temperature and pressure our attention is focused. The
are taken into consideration, which system boundary may be real or
helps the individuals calculate imaginary, fixed or deformable.
other properties and predict the
- ISOLATED SYSTEM - a
characteristics of the matter
system that cannot exchange
undergoing the process.
energy and mass with its
STATISTICAL surroundings.
THERMODYNAMICS
- The universe is considered an
In statistical thermodynamics,
isolated system.
every molecule is under the
spotlight, i.e. the properties of - CLOSED SYSTEM - a system
every molecule and how they where a transfer of energy takes
interact are taken into place but the transfer of mass
consideration to characterize the doesn’t take place.
behavior of a group of molecules.
- Refrigerator, compression of gas
CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS in the piston-cylinder assembly are
Chemical thermodynamics is the examples of closed systems.
study of how work and heat relate
to each other in chemical reactions - OPEN SYSTEM - system
and in changes of states. where both the mass and energy
may be transferred between the
EQUILIBRIUM system and surroundings.
THERMODYNAMICS
Equilibrium thermodynamics is the - a steam turbine is an example of
study of transformations of energy an open system
and matter as they approach the
state of equilibrium.
