LAT Laboratory Animal Technician
Exam Questions and Correct Detailed
Answers||NEW COMPLETE UPDATE
2025/2026 VERSION||ALREADY
GRADED!!!
1. U.S. Government provides approximately how much in research/development funds
spent by college and university? - ANSWER ✓ 2/3
2. What are some examples of genetic alterations? - ANSWER ✓ Transgenic mice &
knockout mice
3. Transgenic mice - ANSWER ✓ DNA from other sources (other animals, bacteria,
chemically synthesized, plants) is inserted into the genome, at random
4. knockout mice - ANSWER ✓ Blockage of function or actual removal of specific genes on
the chromosome; it is a targeted mutation of the DNA.
5. Three primary methods are used to insert DNA into fertilized eggs: - ANSWER ✓
Pronuclear Injection, Retroviral Insertion, & Embryonic Stem Cell Insertion
6. Pronuclear Injection - ANSWER ✓ DNA is injected directly into the fertilized egg.
7. Retroviral Insertion - ANSWER ✓ DNA is attached to a virus, which carries the DNA into
the egg.
8. The USDA stands for what? - ANSWER ✓ United States Department of Agriculture
9. The USDA is responsible for what? - ANSWER ✓ Enforces and amends AWA
10. Auction, sale, exhibit, transport, breeding, or conduct of research with animals
11. Animals exempt from AWA
12. Research institutions mst register with
13. Supply annual reports
14. Inspection records through the FOIA
15. Unscheduled inspection once per year
,16. What does the FOIA stand for? - ANSWER ✓ Freedom of Information Act - provides the
USDA's inspection records
17. Embryonic Stem Cell Insertion - ANSWER ✓ DNA is purified, then inserted into special
cells via a tissue culture process called electroporation; these cells are then transferred
into the embryos, which are then implanted into a recipient female.
18. Clones - ANSWER ✓ Most cells reproduce by mitosis: an identical copy of the genome is
produced, and the cell splits into two identical "daughter" cells; used to denote an
offspring that is genetically identical to its parent, usually created by removing the
nucleus from an egg and inserting the nucleus from one of the parent's cells.
19. centrosome - ANSWER ✓ (also called the "microtubule organizing center") a small body
located near the nucleus - it has a dense center and radiating tubules. The centrosomes
is where microtubules are made. During cell division (mitosis), the centrosome divides
and the two parts move to opposite sides of the dividing cell. The centriole is the dense
center of the centrosome.
20. cytoplasm - ANSWER ✓ the jellylike material outside the cell nucleus in which the
organelles are located.
21. Golgi body - ANSWER ✓ (also called the Golgi apparatus or golgi complex) a flattened,
layered, sac-like organelle that looks like a stack of pancakes and is located near the
nucleus. It produces the membranes that surround the lysosomes. The Golgi body
packages proteins and carbohydrates into membrane-bound vesicles for "export" from
the cell
22. lysosome - ANSWER ✓ (also called cell vesicles) round organelles surrounded by a
membrane and containing digestive enzymes. This is where the digestion of cell
nutrients takes place
23. nucleolus - ANSWER ✓ an organelle within the nucleus - it is where ribosomal RNA is
produced. Some cells have more than one nucleolus
24. nucleus - ANSWER ✓ spherical body containing many organelles, including the
nucleolus. The nucleus controls many of the functions of the cell (by controlling protein
synthesis) and contains DNA (in chromosomes). The nucleus is surrounded by the
nuclear membrane.
25. ribosome - ANSWER ✓ small organelles composed of RNA-rich cytoplasmic granules that
are sites of protein synthesis
,26. rough endoplasmic reticulum - ANSWER ✓ a vast system of interconnected,
membranous, infolded and convoluted sacks that are located in the cell's cytoplasm (the
ER is continuous with the outer nuclear membrane). Rough ER is covered with
ribosomes that give it a rough appearance. Rough ER transports materials through the
cell and produces proteins in sacks called cisternae (which are sent to the Golgi body, or
inserted into the cell membrane).
27. smooth endoplasmic reticulum - ANSWER ✓ a vast system of interconnected,
membranous, infolded and convoluted tubes that are located in the cell's cytoplasm
(the ER is continuous with the outer nuclear membrane). The space within the ER is
called the ER lumen. Smooth ER transports materials through the cell. It contains
enzymes and produces and digests lipids (fats) and membrane proteins; smooth ER buds
off from rough ER, moving the newly-made proteins and lipids to the Golgi body,
lysosomes, and membranes
28. vacuole - ANSWER ✓ fluid-filled, membrane-surrounded cavities inside a cell. The
vacuole fills with food being digested and waste material that is on its way out of the
cell
29. What are the four tissue types? - ANSWER ✓ Connective tissue, Muscle (contractile)
tissue, Nerve tissue, Epithelial tissue
30. Connective tissue - ANSWER ✓ Binds together or supports cells, other tissues/organs
31. Muscle (contractile) tissue - ANSWER ✓ Contracts on stimulation; Movement, posture
and heat production
32. Nerve tissue - ANSWER ✓ Conducts nerve impulses throughout the body
33. Epithelial tissue - ANSWER ✓ Covers all body surfaces; lines all cavities; forms glands;
Protective barrier against the environment
34. What are the major organ systems - ANSWER ✓ Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular,
Circulatory, Lymphatic, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary, Reproductive, Nervous,
Endocrine
35. Integumentary System - ANSWER ✓ The skin, or integument, covers an animal and
protects it for the outside environment
36. Vertebrate skin has three basic structures. What are they? - ANSWER ✓ Epidermis,
Dermis, Glands
, 37. Skeletal System - ANSWER ✓ A skeleton is the framework of an animal's body; Most
vertebrates have an internal skeleton or endoskeleton, which protects various parts of
the body; The skeleton facilitates movement.
38. What are the two tissue types in the vertebrate skeleton? - ANSWER ✓ Bone and
Cartilage
39. What are the 4 types of bones classified by shape? - ANSWER ✓ Long bones (diaphysis),
short bones (epiphysis), Flat bones (medullary cavity), irregular bones (periosteum)
40. What are the 2 main bone groups? - ANSWER ✓ Axial skeleton and appendicular
skeleton
41. Axial Skeleton - ANSWER ✓ Skull -Two parts: cranium and facial; Vertebrae -Vertebral
column consists of bones known as vertebrate; Ribs and sternum; Part of the thoracic
region
42. Appendicular Skeleton is made up of... - ANSWER ✓ bones and includes the pectoral
girdle
43. The forelimb consists of the: - ANSWER ✓ Humerus (upper arm), Radius and ulna
(forearm), Carpals (wrist bones), Metacarpals (hand bones), Phalanges (fingers, digits,
thumbs)
44. The hindlimb consists of the: - ANSWER ✓ Femur (thigh), Tarsals (ankle bones),
Metatarsals (foot bones), Patella (knee cap), Tibia and fibula (lower leg), Phalanges
(toes)
45. What words are used to describe joint movement? - ANSWER ✓ Rotation, Flexion,
Extension, Abduction, Adduction
46. Rotation - ANSWER ✓ Pivot movement; e.g., turning the head,
47. Flexion - ANSWER ✓ Bending or folding; e.g., elbow joint
48. Extension - ANSWER ✓ Opening the joint
49. Abduction - ANSWER ✓ Movement of bone away from midline
50. Adduction - ANSWER ✓ Movement toward the midline
Exam Questions and Correct Detailed
Answers||NEW COMPLETE UPDATE
2025/2026 VERSION||ALREADY
GRADED!!!
1. U.S. Government provides approximately how much in research/development funds
spent by college and university? - ANSWER ✓ 2/3
2. What are some examples of genetic alterations? - ANSWER ✓ Transgenic mice &
knockout mice
3. Transgenic mice - ANSWER ✓ DNA from other sources (other animals, bacteria,
chemically synthesized, plants) is inserted into the genome, at random
4. knockout mice - ANSWER ✓ Blockage of function or actual removal of specific genes on
the chromosome; it is a targeted mutation of the DNA.
5. Three primary methods are used to insert DNA into fertilized eggs: - ANSWER ✓
Pronuclear Injection, Retroviral Insertion, & Embryonic Stem Cell Insertion
6. Pronuclear Injection - ANSWER ✓ DNA is injected directly into the fertilized egg.
7. Retroviral Insertion - ANSWER ✓ DNA is attached to a virus, which carries the DNA into
the egg.
8. The USDA stands for what? - ANSWER ✓ United States Department of Agriculture
9. The USDA is responsible for what? - ANSWER ✓ Enforces and amends AWA
10. Auction, sale, exhibit, transport, breeding, or conduct of research with animals
11. Animals exempt from AWA
12. Research institutions mst register with
13. Supply annual reports
14. Inspection records through the FOIA
15. Unscheduled inspection once per year
,16. What does the FOIA stand for? - ANSWER ✓ Freedom of Information Act - provides the
USDA's inspection records
17. Embryonic Stem Cell Insertion - ANSWER ✓ DNA is purified, then inserted into special
cells via a tissue culture process called electroporation; these cells are then transferred
into the embryos, which are then implanted into a recipient female.
18. Clones - ANSWER ✓ Most cells reproduce by mitosis: an identical copy of the genome is
produced, and the cell splits into two identical "daughter" cells; used to denote an
offspring that is genetically identical to its parent, usually created by removing the
nucleus from an egg and inserting the nucleus from one of the parent's cells.
19. centrosome - ANSWER ✓ (also called the "microtubule organizing center") a small body
located near the nucleus - it has a dense center and radiating tubules. The centrosomes
is where microtubules are made. During cell division (mitosis), the centrosome divides
and the two parts move to opposite sides of the dividing cell. The centriole is the dense
center of the centrosome.
20. cytoplasm - ANSWER ✓ the jellylike material outside the cell nucleus in which the
organelles are located.
21. Golgi body - ANSWER ✓ (also called the Golgi apparatus or golgi complex) a flattened,
layered, sac-like organelle that looks like a stack of pancakes and is located near the
nucleus. It produces the membranes that surround the lysosomes. The Golgi body
packages proteins and carbohydrates into membrane-bound vesicles for "export" from
the cell
22. lysosome - ANSWER ✓ (also called cell vesicles) round organelles surrounded by a
membrane and containing digestive enzymes. This is where the digestion of cell
nutrients takes place
23. nucleolus - ANSWER ✓ an organelle within the nucleus - it is where ribosomal RNA is
produced. Some cells have more than one nucleolus
24. nucleus - ANSWER ✓ spherical body containing many organelles, including the
nucleolus. The nucleus controls many of the functions of the cell (by controlling protein
synthesis) and contains DNA (in chromosomes). The nucleus is surrounded by the
nuclear membrane.
25. ribosome - ANSWER ✓ small organelles composed of RNA-rich cytoplasmic granules that
are sites of protein synthesis
,26. rough endoplasmic reticulum - ANSWER ✓ a vast system of interconnected,
membranous, infolded and convoluted sacks that are located in the cell's cytoplasm (the
ER is continuous with the outer nuclear membrane). Rough ER is covered with
ribosomes that give it a rough appearance. Rough ER transports materials through the
cell and produces proteins in sacks called cisternae (which are sent to the Golgi body, or
inserted into the cell membrane).
27. smooth endoplasmic reticulum - ANSWER ✓ a vast system of interconnected,
membranous, infolded and convoluted tubes that are located in the cell's cytoplasm
(the ER is continuous with the outer nuclear membrane). The space within the ER is
called the ER lumen. Smooth ER transports materials through the cell. It contains
enzymes and produces and digests lipids (fats) and membrane proteins; smooth ER buds
off from rough ER, moving the newly-made proteins and lipids to the Golgi body,
lysosomes, and membranes
28. vacuole - ANSWER ✓ fluid-filled, membrane-surrounded cavities inside a cell. The
vacuole fills with food being digested and waste material that is on its way out of the
cell
29. What are the four tissue types? - ANSWER ✓ Connective tissue, Muscle (contractile)
tissue, Nerve tissue, Epithelial tissue
30. Connective tissue - ANSWER ✓ Binds together or supports cells, other tissues/organs
31. Muscle (contractile) tissue - ANSWER ✓ Contracts on stimulation; Movement, posture
and heat production
32. Nerve tissue - ANSWER ✓ Conducts nerve impulses throughout the body
33. Epithelial tissue - ANSWER ✓ Covers all body surfaces; lines all cavities; forms glands;
Protective barrier against the environment
34. What are the major organ systems - ANSWER ✓ Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular,
Circulatory, Lymphatic, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary, Reproductive, Nervous,
Endocrine
35. Integumentary System - ANSWER ✓ The skin, or integument, covers an animal and
protects it for the outside environment
36. Vertebrate skin has three basic structures. What are they? - ANSWER ✓ Epidermis,
Dermis, Glands
, 37. Skeletal System - ANSWER ✓ A skeleton is the framework of an animal's body; Most
vertebrates have an internal skeleton or endoskeleton, which protects various parts of
the body; The skeleton facilitates movement.
38. What are the two tissue types in the vertebrate skeleton? - ANSWER ✓ Bone and
Cartilage
39. What are the 4 types of bones classified by shape? - ANSWER ✓ Long bones (diaphysis),
short bones (epiphysis), Flat bones (medullary cavity), irregular bones (periosteum)
40. What are the 2 main bone groups? - ANSWER ✓ Axial skeleton and appendicular
skeleton
41. Axial Skeleton - ANSWER ✓ Skull -Two parts: cranium and facial; Vertebrae -Vertebral
column consists of bones known as vertebrate; Ribs and sternum; Part of the thoracic
region
42. Appendicular Skeleton is made up of... - ANSWER ✓ bones and includes the pectoral
girdle
43. The forelimb consists of the: - ANSWER ✓ Humerus (upper arm), Radius and ulna
(forearm), Carpals (wrist bones), Metacarpals (hand bones), Phalanges (fingers, digits,
thumbs)
44. The hindlimb consists of the: - ANSWER ✓ Femur (thigh), Tarsals (ankle bones),
Metatarsals (foot bones), Patella (knee cap), Tibia and fibula (lower leg), Phalanges
(toes)
45. What words are used to describe joint movement? - ANSWER ✓ Rotation, Flexion,
Extension, Abduction, Adduction
46. Rotation - ANSWER ✓ Pivot movement; e.g., turning the head,
47. Flexion - ANSWER ✓ Bending or folding; e.g., elbow joint
48. Extension - ANSWER ✓ Opening the joint
49. Abduction - ANSWER ✓ Movement of bone away from midline
50. Adduction - ANSWER ✓ Movement toward the midline
