Grade 11 Biology Exam Review Questions with Correct Answers

What are the three levels of biodiversity - ANSWERS1) species diversity 2) genetic diversity 3) ecosystem diversity Genes - ANSWERSUnits of inherited information that determine specific characteristics or functions Biodiversity - ANSWERSThe variety of life in the world Genetic diversity - ANSWERSThe sum of all the different forms of genes present in a particular species. It also helps the survival of species Species - ANSWERSA population whose members can breed freely in nature and produce fertile offspring Why do farmers grow a single type of corn? - ANSWERSIt allows farmers to use the same equipment, fertilizers and techniques on their land Monocultures - ANSWERSGenetically uniform farms, that usually have little or no biodiversity Species diversity - ANSWERSThe variety of species and relative abundance of the species in a given area. This allows ecosystems to survive environmental changes such as droughts, plagues or disease outbreaks Ecosystem diversity - ANSWERSThe diverse range of habitats, the various organisms that live in the habitats and the relationships that connect them What kind of organisms or processes does biodiversity help maintain? - ANSWERS1) ecosystem cycle carbon, nitrogen and oxygen 2) micro-organisms make nutrients available and break down toxic substances in water and soil 3) insects, bats, and other animals pollinate flowering plants and crops 4) ecosystems clean air, purify water, control erosion,more vent floods and modify climate Keystone species - ANSWERSSpecies that have a disproportionately large effect on the ecosystem in which they live, such as a honeybee What is malaria - ANSWERSA deadly disease that is spread through mosquitoes infecting people. It is called by a microscopic parasite called plasmodium, that transmits this disease through it's bite Why use scientific naming for animals? - ANSWERSTo reduce confusion among different languages around the world, and to have a universal scientific name to each known species Dichotomous key - ANSWERSA tool used by scientists and non-scientists to identify organisms with which they are unfamiliar What does the work "dichotomous" mean in Greek? - ANSWERS"To cut in two" What does a dichotomous key posses - ANSWERSIt possesses a series of questions about an organism, and each question asks users to choose between two possible characteristics that the organism may have Taxonomy - ANSWERSThe science of naming, identifying, and classifying species Binomial nomenclature - ANSWERSA system for naming specific species, which became the most used classification system in biology, invented in 1750 by the Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus What are the two main parts of the binomial nomenclature - ANSWERS1) a two-part Latin name 2) a hierarchy or ordering of the species into broader and broader groups Binomial - ANSWERSThe two-part Latin name that is part of the binomial nomenclature Genus - ANSWERSThe first part of the specie's name, to which the species belongs What are the 8 groups of the binomial nomenclature - ANSWERS1) domain 2) kingdom 3) phylum 4) class 5) Order 6) family 7) genus 8) species Biodiversity - ANSWERSThe variety of life in the world or a particular habitat or ecosystem Ecosystem - ANSWERSa specie's environment Taxonomy - ANSWERSScience of naming, identifying and classifying species Protist - ANSWERSEukaryotic organisms that do not fit into the animal, plant or fungi kingdoms Cilia - ANSWERSShort, hair-like structures protruding from a cell that move fluid and particles over the cell's surface; sometimes used for movement and food gathering Flagella - ANSWERSLong, whip-like structures that some cells use for movement Pseudopodia - ANSWERSCellular extensions of streaming cytoplasm that enable a cell to move in the direction of that extensions Mycorrhizae - ANSWERSFungus that forms a mutualistic association with roots of a plant Phylogenetic tree - ANSWERSA branching diagram that represents the evolutionary relationships among species or groups Clade - ANSWERSAn evolutionary branch on a phylogentic tree Phylogeny - ANSWERSThe evolutionary development and history of a species or group of organisms Morphology - ANSWERSStudy of form and structure of organisms Habitat loss - ANSWERSThe greatest threat to biodiversity, where animals loos their homes Fragmentation - ANSWERSsplitting a habitat into fragments, which may prevent species from using resources in all parts of the habitat Deforestration - ANSWERSClear-cutting trees Transpiration-pull - ANSWERSForce that pulls water up a woody stem Radial symmetry - ANSWERSArrangement having body parts like pieces of a pie around an imaginary central axis Bilateral symmetry - ANSWERSArrangement having mirror-image right and left sides Asymmetric - ANSWERSHaving no symmetry Genetically modified organism - ANSWERSAn organisms with genetic material that has been altered thought genetic engineering Restriction fragment - ANSWERSPieces of DNA made by cutting it with restriction enzymes Cell cycle - ANSWERSOrderly sequence of event in a eukaryotic cell's life Role of mitosis - ANSWERSUsed for cell division Role of meiosis - ANSWERSUsed to reproduce 4 cells Deoxyribonucleic acid - ANSWERSMolecule that composes the genetic material Gamete - ANSWERSSex cells; eggs and sperms Dominant allele - ANSWERSAllele that determines that trait that a heterozygous individual expresses Recessive allele - ANSWERSAllele that is not expressed in a heterozygous individual Inheritance patterns - ANSWERSInheritance pattern in which the phenotype of a heterozygous individual falls between the two parental phenotypes Gene locus - ANSWERSSite on a chromosome that a specific gene occupies Haploid - ANSWERSHaving one single set of chromosomes, that contain genetic material Diploid - ANSWERSHaving two sets of chromosomes, one set from each parent Crossing over - ANSWERSExchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes in prophase 1 Chromosome - ANSWERSOne long, condensed DNA molecule containing hundreds or thousands of genes Karyotype - ANSWERSDisplay all of the chromosomes in a cell or individual Homologous - ANSWERSSimilar structure in species that share a common ancestor Analogous - ANSWERSStructures in distantly related specie that are anatomically different but preform the same function Mutation - ANSWERSAny change of the DNA of a cell