BCHM 4611 Exam 3 Questions &
Answers
How are ABO blood types produced in the cell? - ANSWERSPresence of a small O-linked
oligosaccharide on the cell surface; a glycosyl transferase enzyme adds the final sugar residue to
the oligosaccharide; mutations in the enzyme active site cause different residues to be added in
A or B type individuals; O type individuals lack a functional version of this enzyme, so no sugar is
added
How is blood type compatibility determined? - ANSWERSBy the antigens present in the donor's
blood and the antibodies present in the recipient's blood; antigens must not be targeted by the
antibodies of the recipient's blood, causing the blood to agglutinate
Anabolism - ANSWERSBuilding complex molecules at the expense of
energy
Catabolism - ANSWERSBreaking down larger molecules, releasing energy
In what order are available fuels are utilized for energy in the body? - ANSWERSGlycogen first,
then fats, then proteins
Which proteins are degraded by the lysosome? - ANSWERSPrimarily extracellular or membrane
proteins
Which proteins are degraded by the proteasome? - ANSWERSIntracellular proteins
Protein degradation by proteasome steps - ANSWERS1. Chain of ubiquitin molecules targets a
protein to the proteasome
, 2. Polypeptide is unfolded as it enters the proteasome
3. Protease active sites inside the proteasome cleave the polypeptide into small peptides that
diffuse away
Vitamin B1 (thiamine) physiological role - ANSWERSCofactor for the pyruvate dehydrogenase
complex and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
Vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency - ANSWERSCauses beriberi which is characterized by weakness
and leg swelling
Vitamin B3 (niacin) physiological role - ANSWERSPrecursor for NADP+ and NADPH
Vitamin B3 (niacin) deficiency - ANSWERSCauses pellagra
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) physiological role - ANSWERSAntioxidant and acts as a cofactor for the
enzyme that hydroxylates proline residues in collagen
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) deficiency - ANSWERSCauses scurvy
NAD+/NADH - ANSWERSWater soluble 2e- carrier (redox cofactor)
NADP+/NADPH - ANSWERSRedox cofactor in biosynthetic pathways; phosphorylated form of
NAD+/NADH
Q/QH2 - ANSWERSUbiquinone or coenzyme Q is a lipid-soluble 1 e- (QH•) carrier or 2 e- (QH2)
carrier
Answers
How are ABO blood types produced in the cell? - ANSWERSPresence of a small O-linked
oligosaccharide on the cell surface; a glycosyl transferase enzyme adds the final sugar residue to
the oligosaccharide; mutations in the enzyme active site cause different residues to be added in
A or B type individuals; O type individuals lack a functional version of this enzyme, so no sugar is
added
How is blood type compatibility determined? - ANSWERSBy the antigens present in the donor's
blood and the antibodies present in the recipient's blood; antigens must not be targeted by the
antibodies of the recipient's blood, causing the blood to agglutinate
Anabolism - ANSWERSBuilding complex molecules at the expense of
energy
Catabolism - ANSWERSBreaking down larger molecules, releasing energy
In what order are available fuels are utilized for energy in the body? - ANSWERSGlycogen first,
then fats, then proteins
Which proteins are degraded by the lysosome? - ANSWERSPrimarily extracellular or membrane
proteins
Which proteins are degraded by the proteasome? - ANSWERSIntracellular proteins
Protein degradation by proteasome steps - ANSWERS1. Chain of ubiquitin molecules targets a
protein to the proteasome
, 2. Polypeptide is unfolded as it enters the proteasome
3. Protease active sites inside the proteasome cleave the polypeptide into small peptides that
diffuse away
Vitamin B1 (thiamine) physiological role - ANSWERSCofactor for the pyruvate dehydrogenase
complex and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
Vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency - ANSWERSCauses beriberi which is characterized by weakness
and leg swelling
Vitamin B3 (niacin) physiological role - ANSWERSPrecursor for NADP+ and NADPH
Vitamin B3 (niacin) deficiency - ANSWERSCauses pellagra
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) physiological role - ANSWERSAntioxidant and acts as a cofactor for the
enzyme that hydroxylates proline residues in collagen
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) deficiency - ANSWERSCauses scurvy
NAD+/NADH - ANSWERSWater soluble 2e- carrier (redox cofactor)
NADP+/NADPH - ANSWERSRedox cofactor in biosynthetic pathways; phosphorylated form of
NAD+/NADH
Q/QH2 - ANSWERSUbiquinone or coenzyme Q is a lipid-soluble 1 e- (QH•) carrier or 2 e- (QH2)
carrier
