C HAPTER 18: F LUIDS AND E LECTROLYTES
Cooper: Foundation of Nursing, 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The lactating mother is counseled by the nurse to eat adequate amounts of
meat and legum es. What level will this help to increase?
a. Potassium
b. Chloride
c. Magnesium
d. Phosphorus
ANS: D
Phosphorus should be increased during pregnancy and lactation.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 493 OBJ: 5
TOP: Electrol ytes KEY: Nursing Process Step:
Implementation MSC: NC LEX: Physiological Integrit y
2. A nurse assesses an edematous cardiac patient. The nurse is aware that
this condition is a result of retained fluid. What is the patient considered
to be?
a. Hyponatremic
b. Hypokalemic
c. Hypernatremic
d. Hypercalcemic
, ANS: C
Hypernatremia is a greater -than-normal concentration of sodium, which
leads to retained fluids and edema.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 488
OBJ: 5 TOP: Electrol ytes KEY: Nursing Process
Step: Assessment MSC: NC LEX: Physi ological Integrit y
3. What is the nurse closel y assessing for in a patient with hypokalemia?
a. Systemic edema
b. Cardiac complications
c. Muscle cramping
d. Impaired kidney function
ANS: B
Hypokalemia can affect cardiac function.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 489 OBJ: 5
TOP: Electrol ytes KEY: Nursing Process Step:
Assessment MSC: NC LEX: Physiological Integrit y
4. The nurse modifies the care plan for the immobilized patient after
assessing a calcium level of 6.2 mEq/L. What nursing assessment should
the nurse include when modifying this care plan?
a. Osteoporosis
b. Tooth loss
c. Renal calculi
, d. Contractures
ANS: C
Hypercalcemia occurs when calcium levels exceed 5.8 mEq/L. It may
occur when calcium stored in the bone enters the circulation, for
example, in pati ents who are immobilized. Renal calculi may develop
because of high levels of calcium.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: pp. 492 -493 OBJ: 5
TOP: Electrol ytes KEY: Nursing Process Step: Planning
MSC: NC LEX: Physiological Integrit y
5. Homeostasis o f the hydrogen ion concentration in body fluids depends on
the ratio of carbonic acid to bicarbonate in the extracellular fluid. What is
this ratio?
a. 1:5
b. 1:10
c. 1:15
d. 1:20
ANS: D
The ratio needed for homeostasis is 1 part carbonic acid to 20 parts
bicarbonate.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 494 OBJ: 3
TOP: Electrol ytes KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NC LEX: N/A
Cooper: Foundation of Nursing, 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The lactating mother is counseled by the nurse to eat adequate amounts of
meat and legum es. What level will this help to increase?
a. Potassium
b. Chloride
c. Magnesium
d. Phosphorus
ANS: D
Phosphorus should be increased during pregnancy and lactation.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 493 OBJ: 5
TOP: Electrol ytes KEY: Nursing Process Step:
Implementation MSC: NC LEX: Physiological Integrit y
2. A nurse assesses an edematous cardiac patient. The nurse is aware that
this condition is a result of retained fluid. What is the patient considered
to be?
a. Hyponatremic
b. Hypokalemic
c. Hypernatremic
d. Hypercalcemic
, ANS: C
Hypernatremia is a greater -than-normal concentration of sodium, which
leads to retained fluids and edema.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 488
OBJ: 5 TOP: Electrol ytes KEY: Nursing Process
Step: Assessment MSC: NC LEX: Physi ological Integrit y
3. What is the nurse closel y assessing for in a patient with hypokalemia?
a. Systemic edema
b. Cardiac complications
c. Muscle cramping
d. Impaired kidney function
ANS: B
Hypokalemia can affect cardiac function.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 489 OBJ: 5
TOP: Electrol ytes KEY: Nursing Process Step:
Assessment MSC: NC LEX: Physiological Integrit y
4. The nurse modifies the care plan for the immobilized patient after
assessing a calcium level of 6.2 mEq/L. What nursing assessment should
the nurse include when modifying this care plan?
a. Osteoporosis
b. Tooth loss
c. Renal calculi
, d. Contractures
ANS: C
Hypercalcemia occurs when calcium levels exceed 5.8 mEq/L. It may
occur when calcium stored in the bone enters the circulation, for
example, in pati ents who are immobilized. Renal calculi may develop
because of high levels of calcium.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: pp. 492 -493 OBJ: 5
TOP: Electrol ytes KEY: Nursing Process Step: Planning
MSC: NC LEX: Physiological Integrit y
5. Homeostasis o f the hydrogen ion concentration in body fluids depends on
the ratio of carbonic acid to bicarbonate in the extracellular fluid. What is
this ratio?
a. 1:5
b. 1:10
c. 1:15
d. 1:20
ANS: D
The ratio needed for homeostasis is 1 part carbonic acid to 20 parts
bicarbonate.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 494 OBJ: 3
TOP: Electrol ytes KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NC LEX: N/A
