MB (ASCP) Test Questions And Answers Verified 100%
Correct
What causes smearing in gel (high/low dye concentration, high low voltage) - ANSWER
High voltage
Improperly prepared gel: If the gel is not poured correctly, it will not polymerize o r
solidify evenly, thus causing the molecules to smear.
If the wells are filled too much, or if the sample is not properly diluted, the excess
sample may smear across the gel. Also DNA degradation.
What is associated with multiple mutations and large deletions - ANSWER DMD
(Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy) _Dystrophin gene
IQCP is most associated with - ANSWER risk assessment
Is Linkage Disequilibrium to nonrandom association of FAR or NEAR loci? - ANSWER
Near. (Linkage Disequilibrium occurs when 2 alleles are Close in the same
chromosome. Linkage Equilibrium occurs when 2 alleles are Far apart in the same
chromosome)
Example of ISOTHERMAL SIGNAL amplification?
Technique employs the signal amplification resulting from probe: target hybridization
rather than by amplifying the target or the probe? - ANSWER bDNA / bDNA analysis
want to PCR HLA-D - ANSWER Beta Exon 2
HCV most conserved - ANSWER 5'UTR
Mantle (MCL) - ANSWER t (11;14)
Histones - ANSWER Ionic
HER2 overexpression - ANSWER Treatment with Traustmaub
What is FLT3 associated with? - ANSWER AML
HFE - ANSWER C282Y, H63D, S65C
Acute Promylocytic Leukemia (APL) - ANSWER t(15;17)
,Something about getting quality of RNA? Choices were all 3 letter acronym with R, like
RFN, RIN - ANSWER The RNA integrity number (RIN) is an algorithm for assigning
integrity values to RNA measurements. The integrity of RNA is a major concern for
gene expression studies and traditionally has been evaluated using the 28S to 18S
rRNA ratio, a method that has been shown to be inconsistent.
Amplification method with polymerase creating a synthetic dsDNA - ANSWER TBC
Identical twins for organ donor what should you do? - ANSWER continue with assay,
tell supervisor, something about parents?
Why does NGS use fluorescence over spectrometry? - ANSWER Fluorescence is
more sensitive because of the different ways of measuring absorbance and
fluorescence. Light absorbance is measured as the difference in intensity between light
passing through the reference and the sample. In fluorescence the intensity is
measured directly, without comparison with a reference beam.
Similarities between NGS and CE/Sanger - ANSWER •DNA polymerase incorporates
fluorescently labeled dNTPs into a DNA template
•The newly incorporated nucleotides are identified by fluorophore excitation.
MALDI-Tof - ANSWER Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time Of Flight
(MALDI-TOF) Mass Spectrometry (MS) is a common method used for quality control
(QC) of oligonucleotides. MALDI-TOF instrumentation is suitable for use in
highthroughput industrial QC settings and can resolve molecules in the size range of
oligonucleotides
Heteroduplex - ANSWER are dsDNA complexes - consisting of two partly mismatched
polynucleotide strands derived from two different parent molecules. (look up
Denaturing HPLC)
Benefits of NGS Output - ANSWER Reads are relatively short, but so much more is
produced (100K-1 Billion) creating a huge amount of data for very little cost
First time Real -Time PCR test perform, West Nile and HSV of CSF were negative
after 10 days. Test repeated and HSV is now weak positive. Why? - ANSWER Case
series and studies have shown that HSV polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can be
falsely negative, especially among children and early in the disease course. If testing
first LP is negative and herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is still of concern, a second
LP should be repeated within 3-7 days with CSF sent for HSV PCR.
Perfect PCR conditions, 5ng/mL DNA used produces faint read, how to increase the
read? - ANSWER First check your programming for each step of PCR cycle as the
faint bands are due to several reasons like insufficient number of your cycles, low
,extension time, low annealing time, increased annealing temperature, decreased
denaturing temperature, high or low denaturation time.
How a TaqMan probe should look - ANSWER Flourophore / Quencher
Prob hydrolyzation and release of quencher (hybridizes to target, then cleaved to
release signal)
For FDA-approved assay, each lab has to determine their own - ANSWER Accuracy,
precision, specificity or sensitivity. Need to choose only 3 of them.
Why preferred NGS over Sanger seq. - ANSWER NGS: detect large deletion by-Paired
end read.
what is the most conserved region of the HCV virus - ANSWER 5′UTR Genomic
Region
storage of HIV sample prior to extraction - ANSWER Place the cryovials in a cardboard
freezer box with a partitioned insert. If the specimens are to be transported to the testing
laboratory, store the specimens at 4-8 °C for up to a maximum of 1 week. For longer-
term storage, the specimens should be frozen at -20 °C or below.
nonpolar amino acids - ANSWER FILM WAV: phenylalanine, isoleucine, leucine,
methionine, tryptophan, alanine, valine
Which virus can be tested by liquid-based cytology?
● HIV
● HBV
● HCV
● HPV - ANSWER HPV
Genetic imprinting - ANSWER Occurs when the expression of a gene has different
effects depending on whether the mother or the father passed on the gene
Epigenetics - ANSWER the study of environmental influences on gene expression that
occur without a DNA change
Warfarin (Coumadin) - ANSWER VKorC1, CYP2C9 (Treats thrombosis (Factor V
Leiden, Prothrombin))
Palindrome - ANSWER a word or phrase that reads the same backward as forward
Writing primer forward/reverse sequences - ANSWER Forward: Start writing
, complimentary strand for 3'-5' strand (about 20nt and end at G-C) => got forward
primer
5'-3'
Reverse: 20 complimentary nt to 5'-3' strand from 3'- 5' direction. Then rewrite the
primer to 5' to 3'
RFLP - ANSWER a variation in the length of restriction fragments produced by a given
restriction enzyme in a sample of DNA. Such variation is used in forensic investigations
and to map hereditary disease.
NGS steps - ANSWER 1. Prepare genomic DNA sample.
Randomly fragment DNA and ligate adapters onto end of DNA
2. Attach DNA to surface.
Bind single stranded fragments randomly to the inside surface of the flow cell channel.
3. Bridge Amplification.
Added unlabeled nt & enzyme to initiate solid-phase bridge amplification.
4. Fragments become double stranded.
Enzyme incorporated nt build ds briges
5. Denature ds molecular denaturation leaves ss templates.
6. Complete Amplification. Several million dense clusters of ds DNA are generated in
each channel of the flow cell.
7. First chemistry cycle: determine first base. Add 4 labeled reversible terminators,
primers, and DNA polymerase enzyme to flow cell.
8. Image first base: capture image of fluorescence after excitation and record identity
of each cluster. Excitation removes allylyl group allowing next nt to bind 9: repeat 7
and 8
Detection of HPV from FFPE cervical cancer - ANSWER HPV testing is mainly
performed using dry swabs, liquid-based cytologies, but also formalin-fixed
paraffinembedded (FFPE) biopsies. The FFPE specimens are taken from selected
target regions of the cervical epithelium, allowing detection of HPV genotypes through
DNA analysis
Replication forks, origins of DNA replication, are created by this enzyme - ANSWER
Helicase
The sugar in DNA is: - ANSWER Deoxyribose
mRNA, after its synthesis from DNA by RNA polymerase, undergoes what is termed
post-transcriptional changes. All of the following are considered post-transcriptional
modifications, EXCEPT:
A. Capping: the addition of 7-methylguanosine to the 5'-end of the transcript
B. Poly (A) Tail: the addition of lots of adenine residues to the 3'-end of the transcript
Correct
What causes smearing in gel (high/low dye concentration, high low voltage) - ANSWER
High voltage
Improperly prepared gel: If the gel is not poured correctly, it will not polymerize o r
solidify evenly, thus causing the molecules to smear.
If the wells are filled too much, or if the sample is not properly diluted, the excess
sample may smear across the gel. Also DNA degradation.
What is associated with multiple mutations and large deletions - ANSWER DMD
(Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy) _Dystrophin gene
IQCP is most associated with - ANSWER risk assessment
Is Linkage Disequilibrium to nonrandom association of FAR or NEAR loci? - ANSWER
Near. (Linkage Disequilibrium occurs when 2 alleles are Close in the same
chromosome. Linkage Equilibrium occurs when 2 alleles are Far apart in the same
chromosome)
Example of ISOTHERMAL SIGNAL amplification?
Technique employs the signal amplification resulting from probe: target hybridization
rather than by amplifying the target or the probe? - ANSWER bDNA / bDNA analysis
want to PCR HLA-D - ANSWER Beta Exon 2
HCV most conserved - ANSWER 5'UTR
Mantle (MCL) - ANSWER t (11;14)
Histones - ANSWER Ionic
HER2 overexpression - ANSWER Treatment with Traustmaub
What is FLT3 associated with? - ANSWER AML
HFE - ANSWER C282Y, H63D, S65C
Acute Promylocytic Leukemia (APL) - ANSWER t(15;17)
,Something about getting quality of RNA? Choices were all 3 letter acronym with R, like
RFN, RIN - ANSWER The RNA integrity number (RIN) is an algorithm for assigning
integrity values to RNA measurements. The integrity of RNA is a major concern for
gene expression studies and traditionally has been evaluated using the 28S to 18S
rRNA ratio, a method that has been shown to be inconsistent.
Amplification method with polymerase creating a synthetic dsDNA - ANSWER TBC
Identical twins for organ donor what should you do? - ANSWER continue with assay,
tell supervisor, something about parents?
Why does NGS use fluorescence over spectrometry? - ANSWER Fluorescence is
more sensitive because of the different ways of measuring absorbance and
fluorescence. Light absorbance is measured as the difference in intensity between light
passing through the reference and the sample. In fluorescence the intensity is
measured directly, without comparison with a reference beam.
Similarities between NGS and CE/Sanger - ANSWER •DNA polymerase incorporates
fluorescently labeled dNTPs into a DNA template
•The newly incorporated nucleotides are identified by fluorophore excitation.
MALDI-Tof - ANSWER Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time Of Flight
(MALDI-TOF) Mass Spectrometry (MS) is a common method used for quality control
(QC) of oligonucleotides. MALDI-TOF instrumentation is suitable for use in
highthroughput industrial QC settings and can resolve molecules in the size range of
oligonucleotides
Heteroduplex - ANSWER are dsDNA complexes - consisting of two partly mismatched
polynucleotide strands derived from two different parent molecules. (look up
Denaturing HPLC)
Benefits of NGS Output - ANSWER Reads are relatively short, but so much more is
produced (100K-1 Billion) creating a huge amount of data for very little cost
First time Real -Time PCR test perform, West Nile and HSV of CSF were negative
after 10 days. Test repeated and HSV is now weak positive. Why? - ANSWER Case
series and studies have shown that HSV polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can be
falsely negative, especially among children and early in the disease course. If testing
first LP is negative and herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is still of concern, a second
LP should be repeated within 3-7 days with CSF sent for HSV PCR.
Perfect PCR conditions, 5ng/mL DNA used produces faint read, how to increase the
read? - ANSWER First check your programming for each step of PCR cycle as the
faint bands are due to several reasons like insufficient number of your cycles, low
,extension time, low annealing time, increased annealing temperature, decreased
denaturing temperature, high or low denaturation time.
How a TaqMan probe should look - ANSWER Flourophore / Quencher
Prob hydrolyzation and release of quencher (hybridizes to target, then cleaved to
release signal)
For FDA-approved assay, each lab has to determine their own - ANSWER Accuracy,
precision, specificity or sensitivity. Need to choose only 3 of them.
Why preferred NGS over Sanger seq. - ANSWER NGS: detect large deletion by-Paired
end read.
what is the most conserved region of the HCV virus - ANSWER 5′UTR Genomic
Region
storage of HIV sample prior to extraction - ANSWER Place the cryovials in a cardboard
freezer box with a partitioned insert. If the specimens are to be transported to the testing
laboratory, store the specimens at 4-8 °C for up to a maximum of 1 week. For longer-
term storage, the specimens should be frozen at -20 °C or below.
nonpolar amino acids - ANSWER FILM WAV: phenylalanine, isoleucine, leucine,
methionine, tryptophan, alanine, valine
Which virus can be tested by liquid-based cytology?
● HIV
● HBV
● HCV
● HPV - ANSWER HPV
Genetic imprinting - ANSWER Occurs when the expression of a gene has different
effects depending on whether the mother or the father passed on the gene
Epigenetics - ANSWER the study of environmental influences on gene expression that
occur without a DNA change
Warfarin (Coumadin) - ANSWER VKorC1, CYP2C9 (Treats thrombosis (Factor V
Leiden, Prothrombin))
Palindrome - ANSWER a word or phrase that reads the same backward as forward
Writing primer forward/reverse sequences - ANSWER Forward: Start writing
, complimentary strand for 3'-5' strand (about 20nt and end at G-C) => got forward
primer
5'-3'
Reverse: 20 complimentary nt to 5'-3' strand from 3'- 5' direction. Then rewrite the
primer to 5' to 3'
RFLP - ANSWER a variation in the length of restriction fragments produced by a given
restriction enzyme in a sample of DNA. Such variation is used in forensic investigations
and to map hereditary disease.
NGS steps - ANSWER 1. Prepare genomic DNA sample.
Randomly fragment DNA and ligate adapters onto end of DNA
2. Attach DNA to surface.
Bind single stranded fragments randomly to the inside surface of the flow cell channel.
3. Bridge Amplification.
Added unlabeled nt & enzyme to initiate solid-phase bridge amplification.
4. Fragments become double stranded.
Enzyme incorporated nt build ds briges
5. Denature ds molecular denaturation leaves ss templates.
6. Complete Amplification. Several million dense clusters of ds DNA are generated in
each channel of the flow cell.
7. First chemistry cycle: determine first base. Add 4 labeled reversible terminators,
primers, and DNA polymerase enzyme to flow cell.
8. Image first base: capture image of fluorescence after excitation and record identity
of each cluster. Excitation removes allylyl group allowing next nt to bind 9: repeat 7
and 8
Detection of HPV from FFPE cervical cancer - ANSWER HPV testing is mainly
performed using dry swabs, liquid-based cytologies, but also formalin-fixed
paraffinembedded (FFPE) biopsies. The FFPE specimens are taken from selected
target regions of the cervical epithelium, allowing detection of HPV genotypes through
DNA analysis
Replication forks, origins of DNA replication, are created by this enzyme - ANSWER
Helicase
The sugar in DNA is: - ANSWER Deoxyribose
mRNA, after its synthesis from DNA by RNA polymerase, undergoes what is termed
post-transcriptional changes. All of the following are considered post-transcriptional
modifications, EXCEPT:
A. Capping: the addition of 7-methylguanosine to the 5'-end of the transcript
B. Poly (A) Tail: the addition of lots of adenine residues to the 3'-end of the transcript
