Med Surg Hesi Exam Study Guide Questions And
Answers Verified 100% Correct
The nurse is completing an admission interview and assessment on a client with a
history of Parkinson's disease. Which question should provide information relevant to
the client's plan of care?
Have you ever experienced any paralysis of your arms or legs?
Have you ever sustained a severe head injury?
Have you ever been 'frozen' in one spot, unable to move?
Do you have headaches, especially ones with throbbing pain? - ANSWER Have you
ever been 'frozen' in one spot, unable to move?
Clients with Parkinson's disease frequently experience difficulty in initiating, maintaining,
and performing motor activities. They may even experience being rooted to the spot and
unable to move (C). Parkinson's disease does not cause (A). Parkinson's disease is not
usually associated with (B), nor does it typically cause (D)
A 58-year-old client, who has no health problems, asks the nurse about the Pneumovax
vaccine. The nurse's response to the client should be based on which information?
The vaccine is given annually before the flu season to those over 50 years of age.
The immunization is administered once to older adults or persons with a history of
chronic illness.
The vaccine is for all ages and is given primarily to those persons traveling overseas to
areas of infection.
The vaccine will prevent the occurrence of pneumococcal pneumonia for up to five
years. - ANSWER B) The immunization is administered once to older adults or persons
with a history of chronic illness.
It is usually recommended that persons over 65 years of age and those with a history of
chronic illness receive the vaccine once in a lifetime (B). (Some resources recommend
obtaining the vaccine at 50 years of age.) The influenza vaccine is given once a year,
not the Pneumovax (A). Although the vaccine might be given to a person traveling
overseas, that is not the main rationale for administering the vaccine (C). It is usually
given once in a lifetime (D), but with immunosuppressed clients or clients with a history
of pneumonia re-vaccination is sometimes required.
Which reaction should the nurse identify in a client who is responding to stimulation of
the sympathetic nervous system?
Pupil constriction.
Increased heart rate.
Bronchial constriction.
,Decreased blood pressure. - ANSWER B) Increased heart rate.
Any stressor that is perceived as threatening to homeostasis acts to stimulate the
sympathetic nervous system and manifests as a flight-or-fight response, which includes
an increase in heart rate (B). (A, C, and D) are responses of the parasympathetic
nervous system.
A client with a 16-year history of diabetes mellitus is having renal function tests because
of recent fatigue, weakness, elevated blood urea nitrogen, and serum creatinine levels.
Which finding should the nurse conclude as an early symptom of renal insufficiency?
Dyspnea.
Nocturia.
Confusion.
Stomatitis. - ANSWER B) Nocturia
As the glomerular filtration rate decreases in early renal insufficiency, metabolic waste
products, including urea, creatinine, and other substances, such phenols, hormones,
electrolytes, accumulate in the blood. In the early stage of renal insufficiency, polyuria
results from the inability of the kidneys to concentrate urine and contribute to nocturia
(B). (A, C, and D) are more common in the later stages of renal failure.
A client taking furosemide (Lasix), reports difficulty sleeping. What question is important
for the nurse to ask the client?
What dose of medication are you taking?
Are you eating foods rich in potassium?
Have you lost weight recently?
At what time do you take your medication? - ANSWER D) At what time do you take
your medication?
The nurse needs to first determine at what time of day the client takes the Lasix (D).
Because of the diuretic effect of Lasix, clients should take the medication in the morning
to prevent nocturia. The actual dose of medication (A) is of less importance than the
time taken. (B) is not related to the insomnia. (C) is valuable information about the
effect of the diuretic, but is not likely to be related to insomnia.
The nurse is interviewing a male client with hypertension. Which additional medical
diagnosis in the client's history presents the greatest risk for developing a cerebral
vascular accident (CVA)?
Diabetes mellitus.
Hypothyroidism.
Parkinson's disease.
Recurring pneumonia. - ANSWER A) Diabetes mellitus.
, A history of diabetes mellitus poses the greatest risk for developing a CVA (A). (B, C,
and D) may place the client at some risk due to immobility, but do not present a risk as
great as (A).
Which healthcare practice is most important for the nurse to teach a postmenopausal
client?
Wear layers of clothes if experiencing hot flashes.
Use a water-soluble lubricant for vaginal dryness.
Consume adequate foods rich in calcium.
Participate in stimulating mental exercises. - ANSWER C) Consume adequate foods
rich in calcium.
Bone density loss associated with osteoporosis increases at a more rapid rate when
estrogen levels begin to fall, so the most important healthcare practice during
menopause is ensuring an adequate calcium (C) intake to help maintain bone density
and prevent osteoporosis. Although practices such as (A and B) may reduce some of
the discomforts for a postmenopausal female, calcium intake is more important than
comfort measures. Although social and mental exercises stimulate thought, there is no
scientific evidence that mental exercises (D) prevent dementia or common forgetfulness
associated with reduced hormonal levels.
In assessing cancer risk, the nurse identifies which woman as being at greatest risk of
developing breast cancer?
A 35-year-old multipara who never breastfed.
A 50-year-old whose mother had unilateral breast cancer.
A 55-year-old whose mother-in-law had bilateral breast cancer.
A 20-year-old whose menarche occurred at age 9 - ANSWER B) A 50-year-old whose
mother had unilateral breast cancer.
The most predictive risk factors for development of breast cancer are over 40 years of
age and a positive family history (occurrence in the immediate family, i.e., mother or
sister). Other risk factors include nulliparity, no history of breastfeeding, early menarche
and late menopause. Although all of the women described have one of the risk factors
for developing breast cancer, (B) has the greater risk over (A, C, and D).
.
The nurse is caring for a client with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
(SIADH), which is manifested by which symptoms?
Loss of thirst, weight gain.
Dependent edema, fever.
Polydipsia, polyuria.
Hypernatremia, tachypnea. - ANSWER A) Loss of thirst, weight gain.
Answers Verified 100% Correct
The nurse is completing an admission interview and assessment on a client with a
history of Parkinson's disease. Which question should provide information relevant to
the client's plan of care?
Have you ever experienced any paralysis of your arms or legs?
Have you ever sustained a severe head injury?
Have you ever been 'frozen' in one spot, unable to move?
Do you have headaches, especially ones with throbbing pain? - ANSWER Have you
ever been 'frozen' in one spot, unable to move?
Clients with Parkinson's disease frequently experience difficulty in initiating, maintaining,
and performing motor activities. They may even experience being rooted to the spot and
unable to move (C). Parkinson's disease does not cause (A). Parkinson's disease is not
usually associated with (B), nor does it typically cause (D)
A 58-year-old client, who has no health problems, asks the nurse about the Pneumovax
vaccine. The nurse's response to the client should be based on which information?
The vaccine is given annually before the flu season to those over 50 years of age.
The immunization is administered once to older adults or persons with a history of
chronic illness.
The vaccine is for all ages and is given primarily to those persons traveling overseas to
areas of infection.
The vaccine will prevent the occurrence of pneumococcal pneumonia for up to five
years. - ANSWER B) The immunization is administered once to older adults or persons
with a history of chronic illness.
It is usually recommended that persons over 65 years of age and those with a history of
chronic illness receive the vaccine once in a lifetime (B). (Some resources recommend
obtaining the vaccine at 50 years of age.) The influenza vaccine is given once a year,
not the Pneumovax (A). Although the vaccine might be given to a person traveling
overseas, that is not the main rationale for administering the vaccine (C). It is usually
given once in a lifetime (D), but with immunosuppressed clients or clients with a history
of pneumonia re-vaccination is sometimes required.
Which reaction should the nurse identify in a client who is responding to stimulation of
the sympathetic nervous system?
Pupil constriction.
Increased heart rate.
Bronchial constriction.
,Decreased blood pressure. - ANSWER B) Increased heart rate.
Any stressor that is perceived as threatening to homeostasis acts to stimulate the
sympathetic nervous system and manifests as a flight-or-fight response, which includes
an increase in heart rate (B). (A, C, and D) are responses of the parasympathetic
nervous system.
A client with a 16-year history of diabetes mellitus is having renal function tests because
of recent fatigue, weakness, elevated blood urea nitrogen, and serum creatinine levels.
Which finding should the nurse conclude as an early symptom of renal insufficiency?
Dyspnea.
Nocturia.
Confusion.
Stomatitis. - ANSWER B) Nocturia
As the glomerular filtration rate decreases in early renal insufficiency, metabolic waste
products, including urea, creatinine, and other substances, such phenols, hormones,
electrolytes, accumulate in the blood. In the early stage of renal insufficiency, polyuria
results from the inability of the kidneys to concentrate urine and contribute to nocturia
(B). (A, C, and D) are more common in the later stages of renal failure.
A client taking furosemide (Lasix), reports difficulty sleeping. What question is important
for the nurse to ask the client?
What dose of medication are you taking?
Are you eating foods rich in potassium?
Have you lost weight recently?
At what time do you take your medication? - ANSWER D) At what time do you take
your medication?
The nurse needs to first determine at what time of day the client takes the Lasix (D).
Because of the diuretic effect of Lasix, clients should take the medication in the morning
to prevent nocturia. The actual dose of medication (A) is of less importance than the
time taken. (B) is not related to the insomnia. (C) is valuable information about the
effect of the diuretic, but is not likely to be related to insomnia.
The nurse is interviewing a male client with hypertension. Which additional medical
diagnosis in the client's history presents the greatest risk for developing a cerebral
vascular accident (CVA)?
Diabetes mellitus.
Hypothyroidism.
Parkinson's disease.
Recurring pneumonia. - ANSWER A) Diabetes mellitus.
, A history of diabetes mellitus poses the greatest risk for developing a CVA (A). (B, C,
and D) may place the client at some risk due to immobility, but do not present a risk as
great as (A).
Which healthcare practice is most important for the nurse to teach a postmenopausal
client?
Wear layers of clothes if experiencing hot flashes.
Use a water-soluble lubricant for vaginal dryness.
Consume adequate foods rich in calcium.
Participate in stimulating mental exercises. - ANSWER C) Consume adequate foods
rich in calcium.
Bone density loss associated with osteoporosis increases at a more rapid rate when
estrogen levels begin to fall, so the most important healthcare practice during
menopause is ensuring an adequate calcium (C) intake to help maintain bone density
and prevent osteoporosis. Although practices such as (A and B) may reduce some of
the discomforts for a postmenopausal female, calcium intake is more important than
comfort measures. Although social and mental exercises stimulate thought, there is no
scientific evidence that mental exercises (D) prevent dementia or common forgetfulness
associated with reduced hormonal levels.
In assessing cancer risk, the nurse identifies which woman as being at greatest risk of
developing breast cancer?
A 35-year-old multipara who never breastfed.
A 50-year-old whose mother had unilateral breast cancer.
A 55-year-old whose mother-in-law had bilateral breast cancer.
A 20-year-old whose menarche occurred at age 9 - ANSWER B) A 50-year-old whose
mother had unilateral breast cancer.
The most predictive risk factors for development of breast cancer are over 40 years of
age and a positive family history (occurrence in the immediate family, i.e., mother or
sister). Other risk factors include nulliparity, no history of breastfeeding, early menarche
and late menopause. Although all of the women described have one of the risk factors
for developing breast cancer, (B) has the greater risk over (A, C, and D).
.
The nurse is caring for a client with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
(SIADH), which is manifested by which symptoms?
Loss of thirst, weight gain.
Dependent edema, fever.
Polydipsia, polyuria.
Hypernatremia, tachypnea. - ANSWER A) Loss of thirst, weight gain.
