MED SURG II Exam 2 Review Part One Questions
And Answers Verified 100% Correct
what are the 3 layers of the heart? - ANSWER -endocardium: inner
layer, valves
myocardium: muscle
epicardium: outermost, pericardium
what is usually the cause of myocarditis? - ANSWER -viruses (ex:
Kawasaki's in children, COVID)
unique diagnostic test for myocarditis - ANSWER -endomyocardial
biopsy
what are symptoms like for myocarditis? - ANSWER -usually occur
710 days after infection
late sign is S3
what is usually the cause of infective endocarditis? - ANSWER
bacteria
(gram + like staph and strep that are on body ten get into blood)
,what do these bacteria do that is concerning once into blood stream?
- ANSWER -stick to valves= vegetations (bc endocardium=inner most
layer and includes valves!)
unique manifestations of IE - ANSWER -splinter hemorrhages,
petechiae, osler's nodes, laneway's lesions, Roth's spots
how do we treat infective endocarditis? - ANSWER -antibiotics *for 4-6
weeks* so need PICC line
complication of infective endocarditits - ANSWER -vegetation leading
to regurgitation or stenosis of valves that mess with blood flow
what is the worst cause scenario for infective endocarditis? -
ANSWER -embolization of bacteria of valves!! like a clot going into
lungs or system, gets dislodged and blocks oxygen to cells
diagnostic tool for IE - ANSWER -Dukes criteria
2 major and 1 minor
1 major and 3-5 minor
major criteria for dukes criteria - ANSWER -2 + blood cultures 12
hours apart
new valve regurg
intracardiac mass or vegetation noted on echo
, what conditions are required to have prophylactic abx before
procedures? - ANSWER -1. prosthetic heart valve
2. previous hx of IE
3. congenital heart disease
4. heart transplant
5. cardiomyopathies
usual cause of each:
1. myocarditis
2. endocarditis
3. rheumatic fever - ANSWER -1. virus
2. bacteria
3. strep throat
where is rheumatic fever usually an issue? - ANSWER -third world
countries
why do people with cardiac inflammatory diseases need prophylactic
abx for procedures? - ANSWER -breaking skin--> introducing bacteria
that can get into blood
*use for 5-14 days
*IE ACTIVE infection needs for 4-6 weeks
And Answers Verified 100% Correct
what are the 3 layers of the heart? - ANSWER -endocardium: inner
layer, valves
myocardium: muscle
epicardium: outermost, pericardium
what is usually the cause of myocarditis? - ANSWER -viruses (ex:
Kawasaki's in children, COVID)
unique diagnostic test for myocarditis - ANSWER -endomyocardial
biopsy
what are symptoms like for myocarditis? - ANSWER -usually occur
710 days after infection
late sign is S3
what is usually the cause of infective endocarditis? - ANSWER
bacteria
(gram + like staph and strep that are on body ten get into blood)
,what do these bacteria do that is concerning once into blood stream?
- ANSWER -stick to valves= vegetations (bc endocardium=inner most
layer and includes valves!)
unique manifestations of IE - ANSWER -splinter hemorrhages,
petechiae, osler's nodes, laneway's lesions, Roth's spots
how do we treat infective endocarditis? - ANSWER -antibiotics *for 4-6
weeks* so need PICC line
complication of infective endocarditits - ANSWER -vegetation leading
to regurgitation or stenosis of valves that mess with blood flow
what is the worst cause scenario for infective endocarditis? -
ANSWER -embolization of bacteria of valves!! like a clot going into
lungs or system, gets dislodged and blocks oxygen to cells
diagnostic tool for IE - ANSWER -Dukes criteria
2 major and 1 minor
1 major and 3-5 minor
major criteria for dukes criteria - ANSWER -2 + blood cultures 12
hours apart
new valve regurg
intracardiac mass or vegetation noted on echo
, what conditions are required to have prophylactic abx before
procedures? - ANSWER -1. prosthetic heart valve
2. previous hx of IE
3. congenital heart disease
4. heart transplant
5. cardiomyopathies
usual cause of each:
1. myocarditis
2. endocarditis
3. rheumatic fever - ANSWER -1. virus
2. bacteria
3. strep throat
where is rheumatic fever usually an issue? - ANSWER -third world
countries
why do people with cardiac inflammatory diseases need prophylactic
abx for procedures? - ANSWER -breaking skin--> introducing bacteria
that can get into blood
*use for 5-14 days
*IE ACTIVE infection needs for 4-6 weeks
