Medical-Surgical Nursing Exam Questions And
Answers Verified 100% Correct
What are floaters? - Spots, threads, or fragments of cobwebs, which
float slowly before the observer's eyes
commony collagen breaking down to fibrils, retinal tears and tear film
debris of conjuctival surface
what are cateracts and how will a pateint present? - Gradual
thickening of the lens.
Hx of progressive residual deteriation and disturbance in night & near
vision
charectoristic of senile cataracts? - -decreased visual acuity
-glare
-Myopia or myopic shift
- monocular diplopia - abnormal curvature of corneal surface , created
double vision in 1 eye!
What is intracapsular extraction? - Extraction of entire lens, including
the posterior capsule and zonules,
caries postoperative comlications
What is extracapsular extraction - removal of the lens nucleus
through an opening in the anterior capsule and a relatively large
limbal incision, with retention of the integrity of the posterior capsule
,What is phacoemulsification - extraction of the lens nucleus through
an opening in the anterior capsule; an ultrasonically driven needle is
used to fragment the nucleus of the cataract; the lens substrate is
then aspirated through a needle port via a small limbal or scleral
incision
What is optic neuritis? - demyelinating inflammation of the optic nerve
that often occurs in association with multiple sclerosis (MS) and
neuromyelitis optica (NMO)
Signs of optic neuritis? - Decreased pupillary light reaction in the
affected eye:
Varying degrees of vision reduction: From mild acuity to complete
vision loss
Abnormal contrast sensitivity and color vision: In almost all patients
with adult optic neuritis who have decreased visual acuity
Altitudinal field defects
Arcuate defects
Nasal steps
Central scotoma
Cecocentral scotoma
Papillitis (swollen disc): Found in one third of patients with optic
neuritis
Symptoms of optical neuritis? - -Preceding viral illness
Rapidly impairmed vision in 1 eye or, less commonly, both eyes: -
Dyschromatopsia (change in color perception) in the affected eye:
sometimes more prominent than decreased vision.
,Retro-orbital or ocular pain:
+ vision changes & usually exacerbated by eye movement; the pain
may precede vision loss.
-Uhthoff phenomenon = vision loss is exacerbated by heat or exercise
-Pulfrich phenomenon, in which objects moving in a straight line
appear to have a curved trajectory: Presumably caused by
asymmetrical conduction between the optic nerves
Symptoms of retinitis pigmentosa? - Common symptoms include
difficulty seeing at night and a loss of side (peripheral) vision
What is retinitis pigmentosa? - rare, genetic disorders that involve a
breakdown and loss of cells in the retina. Mutations in one of more
than 50 genes is involved. There is no cure for retinitis pigmentosa.
what is primary open angle glaucoma - most common type, which
tends to develop slowly over many years
Symtoms of glaucoma? - intense eye pain
a red eye a headache tenderness around
the eyes seeing rings (halo) around lights
blurred vision
What is DARC (detection of apoptosing retinal cells) - Real-time
imaging of single neuronal cell apoptosis in patients with glaucoma
Annexin 5 labelled with fluorescent dye DY-776
(phosphatidylserine exposed on apoptotic cell membranes)
, what is secondary glaucoma? - caused by an underlying eye
condition, such as uveitis (inflammation of the eye)
what is childhood glaucoma? - a rare type that occurs in very young
children, caused by an abnormality of the eye
Risk factor for glaucoma ? - Age - glaucoma becomes more likely as
you get older and the most common type affects around 1 in 10
people over 75
Ethnicity - people of African, Caribbean or Asian origin are at a higher
risk of glaucoma
Family history - you're more likely to develop glaucoma if you have a
parent or sibling with the condition
High Myopia
prostoglandins are most useful in which type of glaucoma - Effective
at reducing intraocular pressure in pts with open-angle glaucoma
what are Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors and how do they treat
glaucoma? - reduce eye pressure by decreasing the production of
intraocular fluid.
The pill form (Acetazolamide)is an alternative for people whose
glaucoma is not controlled by medication eye drops.
Medical managemnet of glaucoma? - -Prostaglandin analogues, such
as latanoprost, bimatoprost, tafluprost and travoprost. -Beta-blockers,
such as betaxolol hydrochloride, levobunolol hydrochloride and
timolol
-Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, such as brinzolamide and
dorzolamide
-Sympathomimetics, such as brimonidine tartrate
Answers Verified 100% Correct
What are floaters? - Spots, threads, or fragments of cobwebs, which
float slowly before the observer's eyes
commony collagen breaking down to fibrils, retinal tears and tear film
debris of conjuctival surface
what are cateracts and how will a pateint present? - Gradual
thickening of the lens.
Hx of progressive residual deteriation and disturbance in night & near
vision
charectoristic of senile cataracts? - -decreased visual acuity
-glare
-Myopia or myopic shift
- monocular diplopia - abnormal curvature of corneal surface , created
double vision in 1 eye!
What is intracapsular extraction? - Extraction of entire lens, including
the posterior capsule and zonules,
caries postoperative comlications
What is extracapsular extraction - removal of the lens nucleus
through an opening in the anterior capsule and a relatively large
limbal incision, with retention of the integrity of the posterior capsule
,What is phacoemulsification - extraction of the lens nucleus through
an opening in the anterior capsule; an ultrasonically driven needle is
used to fragment the nucleus of the cataract; the lens substrate is
then aspirated through a needle port via a small limbal or scleral
incision
What is optic neuritis? - demyelinating inflammation of the optic nerve
that often occurs in association with multiple sclerosis (MS) and
neuromyelitis optica (NMO)
Signs of optic neuritis? - Decreased pupillary light reaction in the
affected eye:
Varying degrees of vision reduction: From mild acuity to complete
vision loss
Abnormal contrast sensitivity and color vision: In almost all patients
with adult optic neuritis who have decreased visual acuity
Altitudinal field defects
Arcuate defects
Nasal steps
Central scotoma
Cecocentral scotoma
Papillitis (swollen disc): Found in one third of patients with optic
neuritis
Symptoms of optical neuritis? - -Preceding viral illness
Rapidly impairmed vision in 1 eye or, less commonly, both eyes: -
Dyschromatopsia (change in color perception) in the affected eye:
sometimes more prominent than decreased vision.
,Retro-orbital or ocular pain:
+ vision changes & usually exacerbated by eye movement; the pain
may precede vision loss.
-Uhthoff phenomenon = vision loss is exacerbated by heat or exercise
-Pulfrich phenomenon, in which objects moving in a straight line
appear to have a curved trajectory: Presumably caused by
asymmetrical conduction between the optic nerves
Symptoms of retinitis pigmentosa? - Common symptoms include
difficulty seeing at night and a loss of side (peripheral) vision
What is retinitis pigmentosa? - rare, genetic disorders that involve a
breakdown and loss of cells in the retina. Mutations in one of more
than 50 genes is involved. There is no cure for retinitis pigmentosa.
what is primary open angle glaucoma - most common type, which
tends to develop slowly over many years
Symtoms of glaucoma? - intense eye pain
a red eye a headache tenderness around
the eyes seeing rings (halo) around lights
blurred vision
What is DARC (detection of apoptosing retinal cells) - Real-time
imaging of single neuronal cell apoptosis in patients with glaucoma
Annexin 5 labelled with fluorescent dye DY-776
(phosphatidylserine exposed on apoptotic cell membranes)
, what is secondary glaucoma? - caused by an underlying eye
condition, such as uveitis (inflammation of the eye)
what is childhood glaucoma? - a rare type that occurs in very young
children, caused by an abnormality of the eye
Risk factor for glaucoma ? - Age - glaucoma becomes more likely as
you get older and the most common type affects around 1 in 10
people over 75
Ethnicity - people of African, Caribbean or Asian origin are at a higher
risk of glaucoma
Family history - you're more likely to develop glaucoma if you have a
parent or sibling with the condition
High Myopia
prostoglandins are most useful in which type of glaucoma - Effective
at reducing intraocular pressure in pts with open-angle glaucoma
what are Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors and how do they treat
glaucoma? - reduce eye pressure by decreasing the production of
intraocular fluid.
The pill form (Acetazolamide)is an alternative for people whose
glaucoma is not controlled by medication eye drops.
Medical managemnet of glaucoma? - -Prostaglandin analogues, such
as latanoprost, bimatoprost, tafluprost and travoprost. -Beta-blockers,
such as betaxolol hydrochloride, levobunolol hydrochloride and
timolol
-Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, such as brinzolamide and
dorzolamide
-Sympathomimetics, such as brimonidine tartrate
