Questions and Corresponding Answers
with Surety of 100% Pass Mark
CSF normal values - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔clear appearance
protein 15-60 mg/100ml
glucose 50-80mg/100ml
cell count 0-5 WBC, no RBC
CSF Opening Pressure - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔70-180
Meningitis symptoms - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔classic triad of headache, neck stiffness
and fever
-photophobia, vomiting, altered mental status, cranial nerve palsies, seizure,
exaggerated DTR
nuchal rigidity - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔stiffness in cervical neck area
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,Brudzinski's sign - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔pain with resistance and involuntary flex of
hip/knee when neck is flexed to chest when lying supine
Kernig's sign - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Sign of meningitis; positive when the leg is fully
bent at the hip and knee, and subsequent extension of the knee leads to pain and
spasm of hamstrings
Meningitis Diagnosis - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔1st: CT Brain
2nd: Lumbar puncture
meningitis CSF findings - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔cloudy
pressure > 180
elevated WBC 100-5000; polymorphonuclear
elevated total protein 100-500
decreased glucose 5-40
Jolt accentuation - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔turning head horizontally 2-3 times -
worsening baseline HA
Babinski sign - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔The toes flex upward when sole of foot is
stimulated - dorsiflexion
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,positive/abnormal finding in meningitis
Pneumococcal meningitis - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔- head trauma, sinusitis, pna
- cranial nerve palsies/ obtundation
- csf wbc > 1000, polymorphonuclear
- glu < 40
- gram + cocci
Meningococcal meningitis - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔- high fever, chills, HA, myalgias,
NV
- + kernigs / brudzinski
- petechial rash
- gram -
- DIC
- CSF with elevated pressures, inc protein and Dec glu
H. influenzae meningitis - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔adults with sinusitis or otitis
Klebsiella (meningitis) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔infants/ elderly, immunocompromised
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, Fungal meningitis - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔common in clients who have AIDS
Chronic Meningitis - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔CSF wbc 100-1000 mostly lymphocytes, glu
< 45, protein > 50
Meningitis treatment 18-50 - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔vancomycin + ceftraixone
Meningitis organisms 18-50 - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔s. pneumoniae, N. meninitidis
meningitis over 50 tx - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔vancomycin + ampicillin + ceftraixone
meningitis over 50 organisms - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔s pneumoniae, N meningitidis,
Listeria monocytogenes, gram - bacilli, group b strep
Meningitis treatment immunocompromised - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔vancomycin +
ampicillin + cefepime
meningitis organisms immunocompromised - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔L monocytogenes,
gram - bacilli, s pneumoniae
meningitis post surgery / trauma tx - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔vancomycin + cefepime
post surgery/ trauma meningitis organisms - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔s aureus, s
pneumoniae, aerobic gram - bacilli,
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