NSG 307 EXAM 3 (INCOMPLETE)
MATERNITY MARIAN UNIVERSITY
ABSN 2025 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1st Major adaptations of the newborn - ANS Respiratory and cardiovascular systems
What are the 4 factors involved in the initiation of newborn breathing? - ANS 1.) Chemical =
↓ O2, ↑ CO2 causes resp. acidosis, triggers medulla oblongata
2.) Mechanical = Compression and recoil of chest during vaginal birth, expelling lung fluid from
mouth/nose and causing air to fill lungs/alveoli.
3.) Thermal = Shift from 98.6 avg to low 70s temp of delivery room, stimulating respirations
4.) Sensory = handling of newborn, lights, sounds, odors, etc.
Signs of newborn respiratory distress - ANS Nasal flaring, retractions, grunting, seesaw
breathing, apnea, tachypnea
Acrocyanosis - ANS Temporary cyanotic condition, usually in newborns resulting in a bluish
color around the lips, hands and fingernails, feet and toenails. May last for a few hours and
disappear with warming. Normal finding.
Cardiovascular changes of the newborn - ANS Fluid is expelled from lungs, decreasing
pulmonary vascular resistance and increasing pulmonary blood flow. This then increases blood
flow to the left atrium of the heart, increasing pressure and closing the foramen ovale (natural
hole in heart for fetus). the blood then travels to right ventricle, to lungs, and before entering L
atrium. (Oxygenation now occurs at lungs rather than placenta). Increased oxygenation and
circulating prostaglandins constrict the ductus arteriosus and close it, creating the ligamentum
arteriosum within 3 - 4 weeks of age.
Copyright ©2025 BRIGHTSTARS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
, What cardiovascular problem may occur due to respiratory distress? - ANS Patent Ductus
Arteriosis (PDA). A murmur that is caused by low oxygenation, causing the ductus arteriosus to
remain open.
Hgb levels of newborn - ANS 14 - 24 g/dL
When should the umbilical cord be clamped and cut? - ANS When it stops pulsating
How do newborns generate heat (thermogenesis) - ANS Non-shivering thermogenesis due to
brown fat metabolism.
Roll of brown fat - ANS Growth and development needs, thermogenesis (therefore
important to keep newborn in neutral thermal environment, so brown fat is not used for
thermogenesis)
Normal temperature range (ax) - ANS 97.7 - 99.5 F
Minimum urinary output in first 24 hours of life - ANS One void
How often should the newborn void by day 4? - ANS 6 - 8 voids per day
What % of weight loss is normal for newborns? - ANS 10%
Normal stools day 1 - 4 - ANS Meconium --> transitional stools --> normal BM by day 4/5
What does the type of gut flora in the newborn depend on? - ANS Type of delivery: vaginal
(gut colonized by vaginal microbes) vs. C/S (gut colonized by skin microbes)
Effect of colostrum on GI - ANS Laxative effect
Copyright ©2025 BRIGHTSTARS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
MATERNITY MARIAN UNIVERSITY
ABSN 2025 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1st Major adaptations of the newborn - ANS Respiratory and cardiovascular systems
What are the 4 factors involved in the initiation of newborn breathing? - ANS 1.) Chemical =
↓ O2, ↑ CO2 causes resp. acidosis, triggers medulla oblongata
2.) Mechanical = Compression and recoil of chest during vaginal birth, expelling lung fluid from
mouth/nose and causing air to fill lungs/alveoli.
3.) Thermal = Shift from 98.6 avg to low 70s temp of delivery room, stimulating respirations
4.) Sensory = handling of newborn, lights, sounds, odors, etc.
Signs of newborn respiratory distress - ANS Nasal flaring, retractions, grunting, seesaw
breathing, apnea, tachypnea
Acrocyanosis - ANS Temporary cyanotic condition, usually in newborns resulting in a bluish
color around the lips, hands and fingernails, feet and toenails. May last for a few hours and
disappear with warming. Normal finding.
Cardiovascular changes of the newborn - ANS Fluid is expelled from lungs, decreasing
pulmonary vascular resistance and increasing pulmonary blood flow. This then increases blood
flow to the left atrium of the heart, increasing pressure and closing the foramen ovale (natural
hole in heart for fetus). the blood then travels to right ventricle, to lungs, and before entering L
atrium. (Oxygenation now occurs at lungs rather than placenta). Increased oxygenation and
circulating prostaglandins constrict the ductus arteriosus and close it, creating the ligamentum
arteriosum within 3 - 4 weeks of age.
Copyright ©2025 BRIGHTSTARS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
, What cardiovascular problem may occur due to respiratory distress? - ANS Patent Ductus
Arteriosis (PDA). A murmur that is caused by low oxygenation, causing the ductus arteriosus to
remain open.
Hgb levels of newborn - ANS 14 - 24 g/dL
When should the umbilical cord be clamped and cut? - ANS When it stops pulsating
How do newborns generate heat (thermogenesis) - ANS Non-shivering thermogenesis due to
brown fat metabolism.
Roll of brown fat - ANS Growth and development needs, thermogenesis (therefore
important to keep newborn in neutral thermal environment, so brown fat is not used for
thermogenesis)
Normal temperature range (ax) - ANS 97.7 - 99.5 F
Minimum urinary output in first 24 hours of life - ANS One void
How often should the newborn void by day 4? - ANS 6 - 8 voids per day
What % of weight loss is normal for newborns? - ANS 10%
Normal stools day 1 - 4 - ANS Meconium --> transitional stools --> normal BM by day 4/5
What does the type of gut flora in the newborn depend on? - ANS Type of delivery: vaginal
(gut colonized by vaginal microbes) vs. C/S (gut colonized by skin microbes)
Effect of colostrum on GI - ANS Laxative effect
Copyright ©2025 BRIGHTSTARS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
