1
ANATOMY 2 EXAM 2 LATEST UPDATES -2025/2026- ACTUAL
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+
GUARANTEED SUCCESS
Most bacteria is completely ______________
harmless
bacteria have a hard time living in ___________ pH levels
low
virus cell walls are ________ times thicker than most cell walls
10x
Viruses can enter the body through what?
nose, eyes, and mouth
There are only __________ known human pathogens (that make you sick)
1400
What is immunity?
Resistance to disease
what are the 2 parts of the immune system?
Innate defense system
Adaptive defense system
innate defense system characteristics
o Rapid response
o Nonspecific
o Doesn't let anything through
o Anti-microbial proteins, phagocytes, inflammation
an example of innate defense system is?
, 2
skin
adaptive defense system characteristics
o Slow response
o Specific
o B and T cells
o T cells seek out specific pathogen
innate defense surface barriers are ?
· Mucous membranes
· Skin
innate defenses internal defenses are ?
· Phagocytes
· Natural killer cells
· Inflammation
· Antimicrobial proteins
· Fever
humoral immunity is _______ based
blood
humoral immunity has to do with which cells?
B cells
cellular immunity is _______ based
cell
Cellular immunity has to do with which cells?
T cells
what do mechanical surface barriers ward off?
invading pathogens
Skin, mucous membranes, and their secretions provide what? (pertaining to
innate defense)
, 3
· Physical barrier to most microorganisms
· Keratin resistant to weak acids and bases, bacterial enzymes, and toxins
· Mucosa provide similar mechanical barriers
all outer cells on skin are dead -> virus/ bacteria cannot live on ____________
cells
dead
____________ chemicals inhibit or destroy microorganisms
protective
Acidity of skin and secretions inhibits ________
growth
__________ kill many microorganisms
enzymes
Defensins are what?
antimicrobial peptides (protein) and inhibit bacteria growth
The skins pH is lower than 7 because it __________ growth of bacteria
inhibits
internal defenses are necessary if microorganisms invade what?
deeper tissues
2 examples of phagocytes?
neutrophils and macrophages
Neutrophils
Most abundant WBC, but die fighting (they become phagocytic only on exposure
to infectious material)
Macrophages characteristics
- Big, phagocytic
- Develop from monocytes and are the chief phagocytic cells
ANATOMY 2 EXAM 2 LATEST UPDATES -2025/2026- ACTUAL
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+
GUARANTEED SUCCESS
Most bacteria is completely ______________
harmless
bacteria have a hard time living in ___________ pH levels
low
virus cell walls are ________ times thicker than most cell walls
10x
Viruses can enter the body through what?
nose, eyes, and mouth
There are only __________ known human pathogens (that make you sick)
1400
What is immunity?
Resistance to disease
what are the 2 parts of the immune system?
Innate defense system
Adaptive defense system
innate defense system characteristics
o Rapid response
o Nonspecific
o Doesn't let anything through
o Anti-microbial proteins, phagocytes, inflammation
an example of innate defense system is?
, 2
skin
adaptive defense system characteristics
o Slow response
o Specific
o B and T cells
o T cells seek out specific pathogen
innate defense surface barriers are ?
· Mucous membranes
· Skin
innate defenses internal defenses are ?
· Phagocytes
· Natural killer cells
· Inflammation
· Antimicrobial proteins
· Fever
humoral immunity is _______ based
blood
humoral immunity has to do with which cells?
B cells
cellular immunity is _______ based
cell
Cellular immunity has to do with which cells?
T cells
what do mechanical surface barriers ward off?
invading pathogens
Skin, mucous membranes, and their secretions provide what? (pertaining to
innate defense)
, 3
· Physical barrier to most microorganisms
· Keratin resistant to weak acids and bases, bacterial enzymes, and toxins
· Mucosa provide similar mechanical barriers
all outer cells on skin are dead -> virus/ bacteria cannot live on ____________
cells
dead
____________ chemicals inhibit or destroy microorganisms
protective
Acidity of skin and secretions inhibits ________
growth
__________ kill many microorganisms
enzymes
Defensins are what?
antimicrobial peptides (protein) and inhibit bacteria growth
The skins pH is lower than 7 because it __________ growth of bacteria
inhibits
internal defenses are necessary if microorganisms invade what?
deeper tissues
2 examples of phagocytes?
neutrophils and macrophages
Neutrophils
Most abundant WBC, but die fighting (they become phagocytic only on exposure
to infectious material)
Macrophages characteristics
- Big, phagocytic
- Develop from monocytes and are the chief phagocytic cells
