Urban Planning Final Exam Questions
And Correct Detailed Answers
Interconnectedness and Complexity; Relationship of these to the field of urban planning
CORRECT ANSWERS Interconnectedness: development of a specific area/piece of
land will affect areas around it (housing prices, generated traffic, pavement decisions,
fiscal health, etc.)
Complexity: Justifies planning as separate profession/activity of government
CANNOT be used interchangeably - mean different things.
What is the relationship of planning and systems theory? CORRECT ANSWERS
Systems theory: idea that everything is a system, helps to understand how "systems"
relate to each other within a city/region. Every system is part of a larger one, exchange
energy with one another and environment
Who implements a local comprehensive plan/regulatory tools? CORRECT ANSWERS
The plans/tools are developed/adopted and carried out, then evaluated by the
governing body of local government.
Ex: city council, township board of supervisors, count board of supervisors
Define relationship between comprehensive plan and regulatory tools CORRECT
ANSWERS The Comp. Plan and the planning process provide a legal framework for
regulating property for a public purpose - allows regulatory tools to be used for "the
good of the community as a whole"
What are the forces behind urban growth? CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Industrial
revolution
2. Shift from cottage industries to factory production
3. Low-cost transportation
4. Place needed to perform commercial and manufacturing processes together
Urban trends in the 20th Century CORRECT ANSWERS - Suburban population growth;
now larger than non-metro and central-city populations combined
- Invention of automobile; acted as greatest decentralization force
What was included in 19th century American urban reform? CORRECT ANSWERS
Sanitary, urban open space, and housing reforms, municipal improvement, city beautiful
movement
Sanitary reform CORRECT ANSWERS Resolved contaminated streams/wells, fixed
sewers, created "watter carriage" sewer systems
, Urban open space reform CORRECT ANSWERS Way to "ventilate" the city, created an
urban parkland
Housing reform CORRECT ANSWERS Created minimum housing quality, primarily for
urban poor, regulated tenement construction as well as lot coverage, bathrooms, etc.
Municipal improvement CORRECT ANSWERS Civic improvement (tree planning,
paving, parks, anti-billboard); first public concern of how cities look - late 1800's
City beautiful movement CORRECT ANSWERS - Municipal art, civic improvement,
landscape design
- Marks beginning of Colombian Exposition, celebrated 400th year of America's
discovery
- Set of a wave of planning actives, focusing on things which the municipal government
has clear control - streets, art, public buildings/spaces
Urban renewal CORRECT ANSWERS - Redevelopment of areas within a large city
(typically involving clearance of sums)
- The Housing Act of 1949; used federal funds on renewal projects (spec. housing)
- Disrupted neighborhoods, forced relocation of hundreds and thousands of households
Highway planning CORRECT ANSWERS Coincident with suburbanization of
households as well as economic activity
- National Defense Highway Act of 1956
Environmental planning CORRECT ANSWERS - 1960s; creation of EPA, National
Environmental Policy Act, environmental impact statements, clean air act, clean water
act
- Must consider environmental impacts while planning
Growth control and growth management CORRECT ANSWERS - To prevent/limit
growth via planning in communities that felt threatened by it
- Control population due to environmental concerns
Smart growth CORRECT ANSWERS - Concentrates growth in the center of a city to
avoid urban sprawl
- Advocates compact, transit-oriented walkable, mixed-use areas via planning
The Colombian Exposition in 1983 CORRECT ANSWERS - Municipal art, civic
improvement, landscape design
the White City CORRECT ANSWERS - Used unicipal art, civic improvement, landscape
design together to create a comprehensive design scheme =[
- Lead City Beautiful movement
- Planted first seed of urban planning
- Inspired cities to focus on the beautification of city components
And Correct Detailed Answers
Interconnectedness and Complexity; Relationship of these to the field of urban planning
CORRECT ANSWERS Interconnectedness: development of a specific area/piece of
land will affect areas around it (housing prices, generated traffic, pavement decisions,
fiscal health, etc.)
Complexity: Justifies planning as separate profession/activity of government
CANNOT be used interchangeably - mean different things.
What is the relationship of planning and systems theory? CORRECT ANSWERS
Systems theory: idea that everything is a system, helps to understand how "systems"
relate to each other within a city/region. Every system is part of a larger one, exchange
energy with one another and environment
Who implements a local comprehensive plan/regulatory tools? CORRECT ANSWERS
The plans/tools are developed/adopted and carried out, then evaluated by the
governing body of local government.
Ex: city council, township board of supervisors, count board of supervisors
Define relationship between comprehensive plan and regulatory tools CORRECT
ANSWERS The Comp. Plan and the planning process provide a legal framework for
regulating property for a public purpose - allows regulatory tools to be used for "the
good of the community as a whole"
What are the forces behind urban growth? CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Industrial
revolution
2. Shift from cottage industries to factory production
3. Low-cost transportation
4. Place needed to perform commercial and manufacturing processes together
Urban trends in the 20th Century CORRECT ANSWERS - Suburban population growth;
now larger than non-metro and central-city populations combined
- Invention of automobile; acted as greatest decentralization force
What was included in 19th century American urban reform? CORRECT ANSWERS
Sanitary, urban open space, and housing reforms, municipal improvement, city beautiful
movement
Sanitary reform CORRECT ANSWERS Resolved contaminated streams/wells, fixed
sewers, created "watter carriage" sewer systems
, Urban open space reform CORRECT ANSWERS Way to "ventilate" the city, created an
urban parkland
Housing reform CORRECT ANSWERS Created minimum housing quality, primarily for
urban poor, regulated tenement construction as well as lot coverage, bathrooms, etc.
Municipal improvement CORRECT ANSWERS Civic improvement (tree planning,
paving, parks, anti-billboard); first public concern of how cities look - late 1800's
City beautiful movement CORRECT ANSWERS - Municipal art, civic improvement,
landscape design
- Marks beginning of Colombian Exposition, celebrated 400th year of America's
discovery
- Set of a wave of planning actives, focusing on things which the municipal government
has clear control - streets, art, public buildings/spaces
Urban renewal CORRECT ANSWERS - Redevelopment of areas within a large city
(typically involving clearance of sums)
- The Housing Act of 1949; used federal funds on renewal projects (spec. housing)
- Disrupted neighborhoods, forced relocation of hundreds and thousands of households
Highway planning CORRECT ANSWERS Coincident with suburbanization of
households as well as economic activity
- National Defense Highway Act of 1956
Environmental planning CORRECT ANSWERS - 1960s; creation of EPA, National
Environmental Policy Act, environmental impact statements, clean air act, clean water
act
- Must consider environmental impacts while planning
Growth control and growth management CORRECT ANSWERS - To prevent/limit
growth via planning in communities that felt threatened by it
- Control population due to environmental concerns
Smart growth CORRECT ANSWERS - Concentrates growth in the center of a city to
avoid urban sprawl
- Advocates compact, transit-oriented walkable, mixed-use areas via planning
The Colombian Exposition in 1983 CORRECT ANSWERS - Municipal art, civic
improvement, landscape design
the White City CORRECT ANSWERS - Used unicipal art, civic improvement, landscape
design together to create a comprehensive design scheme =[
- Lead City Beautiful movement
- Planted first seed of urban planning
- Inspired cities to focus on the beautification of city components
