Urban Planning Midterm Exam With
Complete Solutions
Colonial Plans and Planning CORRECT ANSWERS William Penn: (Philadelphia) main
square, each quarter has a public square, "green country town")
James Oglethorpe (Savannah): growth by cellular repetition, 3 land allocations of
(house plot, garden plot, 50 acres outside of town)
- grid patterns
- smaller/closer houses
- outer ring of natural/garden areas
- public centers/squares in middle of city
L'Enfant and the Plan for Washington CORRECT ANSWERS - gridded street pattern
- broad diagonal avenues
- monuments & grand public walks/the mall
- 5 grand fountains
- based on Versailles
*early example of ecological city bc it took into account the topography (ex: capital at
high spot)
Spanish Laws of the Indies CORRECT ANSWERS major planning rules;
a) Sites that were elevated (fortification)
b) soil (agriculture)
c) transporting goods, resources (timber, water)
d) open to the wind
e) settlements of one building type
Radburn, NJ CORRECT ANSWERS - part of the Garden City Movement
- has large blocks of green space w/ ped access
- street pattern prevents intrusion of cars
*part of garden cities planning by Ebenezer Howard, few were built
Reform Era CORRECT ANSWERS - addressing living conditions
- Sanitary Reform Movement (installation of public sewer system)
- Tenement Housing Acts (regulate living conditions, dumbell tenement)
- parks and green spaces movement
*brining natural setting back so all classes could enjoy escape
Dumb-bell tenements CORRECT ANSWERS - new design for tenement buildings
, - allowed more windows and light into rooms
*considered a large improvement for poor living conditions (tenement housing acts)
Central Park, NYC CORRECT ANSWERS - designed by Frederick Law Olmstead
(landscape architect)
- places for people to come together & feel part of larger community
- tax on buildings on edge -> funding for project
*marks beginning of the park movement
Daniel Burnham CORRECT ANSWERS - "make no little plans; they have no magic to
stir men's blood and will probably not be realized"
* plan of chicago to have park land reclaimed
City Beautiful Movement CORRECT ANSWERS - 1893
- World Columbian exposition in Chicago demonstrated how cities could be beautiful
- focus on civic design & beauty
- "white city"; Frederick Law Olmstead
Ebenezer Howard and Garden Cities CORRECT ANSWERS - wrote "Garden Cities of
Tomorrow"
-urban form of compact new towns where population could be diverted from over
crowded central cities connected by transit
- common ownership of land
- 3 magnet metaphor Town, Country, & Town-Country
- laid out in a spheres
*few examples implemented; Letchworth, UK and Radburn, NJ
Levittown CORRECT ANSWERS - factory format; low cost mass produced houses ->
assembly line process
- no town center
- William Levitt and two sons
*became archetype of what we know as suburbs today
Greenbelt, MD CORRECT ANSWERS - system of interior walkways
- separation of ped and vehicular traffic
- residents selected based on willingness to be involved in community institutions
*cooperative model
Complete Solutions
Colonial Plans and Planning CORRECT ANSWERS William Penn: (Philadelphia) main
square, each quarter has a public square, "green country town")
James Oglethorpe (Savannah): growth by cellular repetition, 3 land allocations of
(house plot, garden plot, 50 acres outside of town)
- grid patterns
- smaller/closer houses
- outer ring of natural/garden areas
- public centers/squares in middle of city
L'Enfant and the Plan for Washington CORRECT ANSWERS - gridded street pattern
- broad diagonal avenues
- monuments & grand public walks/the mall
- 5 grand fountains
- based on Versailles
*early example of ecological city bc it took into account the topography (ex: capital at
high spot)
Spanish Laws of the Indies CORRECT ANSWERS major planning rules;
a) Sites that were elevated (fortification)
b) soil (agriculture)
c) transporting goods, resources (timber, water)
d) open to the wind
e) settlements of one building type
Radburn, NJ CORRECT ANSWERS - part of the Garden City Movement
- has large blocks of green space w/ ped access
- street pattern prevents intrusion of cars
*part of garden cities planning by Ebenezer Howard, few were built
Reform Era CORRECT ANSWERS - addressing living conditions
- Sanitary Reform Movement (installation of public sewer system)
- Tenement Housing Acts (regulate living conditions, dumbell tenement)
- parks and green spaces movement
*brining natural setting back so all classes could enjoy escape
Dumb-bell tenements CORRECT ANSWERS - new design for tenement buildings
, - allowed more windows and light into rooms
*considered a large improvement for poor living conditions (tenement housing acts)
Central Park, NYC CORRECT ANSWERS - designed by Frederick Law Olmstead
(landscape architect)
- places for people to come together & feel part of larger community
- tax on buildings on edge -> funding for project
*marks beginning of the park movement
Daniel Burnham CORRECT ANSWERS - "make no little plans; they have no magic to
stir men's blood and will probably not be realized"
* plan of chicago to have park land reclaimed
City Beautiful Movement CORRECT ANSWERS - 1893
- World Columbian exposition in Chicago demonstrated how cities could be beautiful
- focus on civic design & beauty
- "white city"; Frederick Law Olmstead
Ebenezer Howard and Garden Cities CORRECT ANSWERS - wrote "Garden Cities of
Tomorrow"
-urban form of compact new towns where population could be diverted from over
crowded central cities connected by transit
- common ownership of land
- 3 magnet metaphor Town, Country, & Town-Country
- laid out in a spheres
*few examples implemented; Letchworth, UK and Radburn, NJ
Levittown CORRECT ANSWERS - factory format; low cost mass produced houses ->
assembly line process
- no town center
- William Levitt and two sons
*became archetype of what we know as suburbs today
Greenbelt, MD CORRECT ANSWERS - system of interior walkways
- separation of ped and vehicular traffic
- residents selected based on willingness to be involved in community institutions
*cooperative model
