Urban Planning exam 1 complete questions
and answers 100% verified
Five Elements of Planning CORRECT ANSWERS o Design - The physical layout of a
community or a specific development project, including site planning and urban design
o Laws and regulation - The shaping and application of state laws and local regulations
to a particular planning process or to a specific development project
o Environmental analysis - The task of assessing the impact of any given plan or
proposed development project on the state's environment, an analysis that can range
across any number of topics including climate change, traffic congestion and impact on
wildlife
o Socioeconomic analysis - The task of assessing the impact of a plan or project on a
neighborhood's social structure, on a community's fiscal health, on a region's economic
basis, and similar socioeconomic considerations
o Political approval - The task of winning the support of the public and elected
representatives for a plan, a planning process, or a specific development proposal -
everything from approval of a general plan to the issuance of permits for a convenience
store.
Planning's "Twin Traditions" CORRECT ANSWERS Planning has emerged from two
somewhat related, but distinct traditions: (1) general plan - "the plan" from architecture
and landscape architecture - the physical organization of land uses and the creation of
their architecturally styled connections into a coherent environment that is today often
called urban design (2) zoning - "the law" the second is strongly grounded in the
tradition of law - the legal rationale for imposing public limitations on the use of private
land
Columbian Exposition, Chicago (1893) CORRECT ANSWERS the next seminal event
after the creation of Central Park - Daniel Hudson Burnham; comprehensive urban
"White City" of plaster. Major contributor to City Beautiful movement and subsequent
U.S. planning.
City Beautiful (1890-1920) CORRECT ANSWERS John Nolen (leading urban designers
of the early 20th century); emphasized formal streetscapes oriented around local transit
stops, public spaces and natural parks, purposeful-appearing civic buildings and orderly
neighborhoods. Best example of City Beautiful planning is the Mall and its immediate
surroundings in Washington, DC.
Garden City (1902) CORRECT ANSWERS movement seeking to restore village life to
urban living and create a "sense of place"; less formal and more oriented toward natural
green areas rather than streets carrying automobiles as the spine of a community;
sought to create new towns on the metropolitan fringe that maintained a village
atmosphere, yet accommodated the automobile and incorporated farmland and natural
areas into their design; adopted "neighborhood unit" (invented by Clarence Perry)- a
, large meandering block permitting no through traffic, and oriented around green space
and school sites; Ebenezer Howard- English designer who had ideal for creating self-
contained new towns surrounded by greenbelts; British utopian; 3 magnets: town,
country/town country, and greenbelts; urban core, suburban places around and then on
the outskirts was the rural parts- circular type structure
Irvine, CA CORRECT ANSWERS William Pereira; The Irvine Company is the best
example of early master planning in CA. Master-planned projects sought to avoid the
piecemeal approach of the suburb, and instead create entire suburban communities on
what had been open space or agricultural land. Created the city of Irvine from scratch -
houses, apartments, a university, office complexes, shopping centers, schools, parks,
etc.
Hadacheck vs. Sebastian (1909) CORRECT ANSWERS Landmark case where the city
compelled a brickyard in a residential area to cease operations. The item of public
welfare being protected was the interest of residents in having an environment not
subject to undue noise, dust, and traffic. The owner sued the city, a series of appeals
followed, and the case ultimately went to the US Supreme Court where the Court
sustained the city. This case was a nuisance abatement rather than a zoning case, but
the effect of the decision was clearly a strengthening of municipal right under police
power
NYC zoning ordinance CORRECT ANSWERS New York's comprehensive zoning
ordinance - the first in the country - resulted from a series of problems caused by the
city's remarkable growth at the turn of the 20th - dominant influence on the early
development of planning tools.) Adopted primarily to stop massive buildings from
preventing light and air from reaching the streets below; established limits in building
massing at certain heights, while not imposing height limits, restricted towers to a
percentage of the lot size.
Enabling acts CORRECT ANSWERS • Standard State Zoning Enabling Act (1922) -
Sanctioned the idea of local governments dividing territory into zones, with uniform
regulations in each zone - a key characteristic of what later became known as
Euclidean zoning.
• Standard City Planning Enabling Act (1928) - Created a model ordinance dealing with
what today's Californians would call the general plan process - powers of a planning
commission, content of the plan, and so on - as well as a municipality's subdivision
powers.
o Both were not laws but merely publications laying out model ordinances and laws that
states and localities might implement or adapt.
Euclid vs. Ambler (1926) CORRECT ANSWERS Euclid was a pleasant streetcar suburb
of Cleveland, Amber Realty owned 68 acres of land in Euclid. Most of the land was
zoned for commercial/industrial use, but some was family houses. Ambler claimed that
the zoning ordinance took its property without due process of law and denied equal
and answers 100% verified
Five Elements of Planning CORRECT ANSWERS o Design - The physical layout of a
community or a specific development project, including site planning and urban design
o Laws and regulation - The shaping and application of state laws and local regulations
to a particular planning process or to a specific development project
o Environmental analysis - The task of assessing the impact of any given plan or
proposed development project on the state's environment, an analysis that can range
across any number of topics including climate change, traffic congestion and impact on
wildlife
o Socioeconomic analysis - The task of assessing the impact of a plan or project on a
neighborhood's social structure, on a community's fiscal health, on a region's economic
basis, and similar socioeconomic considerations
o Political approval - The task of winning the support of the public and elected
representatives for a plan, a planning process, or a specific development proposal -
everything from approval of a general plan to the issuance of permits for a convenience
store.
Planning's "Twin Traditions" CORRECT ANSWERS Planning has emerged from two
somewhat related, but distinct traditions: (1) general plan - "the plan" from architecture
and landscape architecture - the physical organization of land uses and the creation of
their architecturally styled connections into a coherent environment that is today often
called urban design (2) zoning - "the law" the second is strongly grounded in the
tradition of law - the legal rationale for imposing public limitations on the use of private
land
Columbian Exposition, Chicago (1893) CORRECT ANSWERS the next seminal event
after the creation of Central Park - Daniel Hudson Burnham; comprehensive urban
"White City" of plaster. Major contributor to City Beautiful movement and subsequent
U.S. planning.
City Beautiful (1890-1920) CORRECT ANSWERS John Nolen (leading urban designers
of the early 20th century); emphasized formal streetscapes oriented around local transit
stops, public spaces and natural parks, purposeful-appearing civic buildings and orderly
neighborhoods. Best example of City Beautiful planning is the Mall and its immediate
surroundings in Washington, DC.
Garden City (1902) CORRECT ANSWERS movement seeking to restore village life to
urban living and create a "sense of place"; less formal and more oriented toward natural
green areas rather than streets carrying automobiles as the spine of a community;
sought to create new towns on the metropolitan fringe that maintained a village
atmosphere, yet accommodated the automobile and incorporated farmland and natural
areas into their design; adopted "neighborhood unit" (invented by Clarence Perry)- a
, large meandering block permitting no through traffic, and oriented around green space
and school sites; Ebenezer Howard- English designer who had ideal for creating self-
contained new towns surrounded by greenbelts; British utopian; 3 magnets: town,
country/town country, and greenbelts; urban core, suburban places around and then on
the outskirts was the rural parts- circular type structure
Irvine, CA CORRECT ANSWERS William Pereira; The Irvine Company is the best
example of early master planning in CA. Master-planned projects sought to avoid the
piecemeal approach of the suburb, and instead create entire suburban communities on
what had been open space or agricultural land. Created the city of Irvine from scratch -
houses, apartments, a university, office complexes, shopping centers, schools, parks,
etc.
Hadacheck vs. Sebastian (1909) CORRECT ANSWERS Landmark case where the city
compelled a brickyard in a residential area to cease operations. The item of public
welfare being protected was the interest of residents in having an environment not
subject to undue noise, dust, and traffic. The owner sued the city, a series of appeals
followed, and the case ultimately went to the US Supreme Court where the Court
sustained the city. This case was a nuisance abatement rather than a zoning case, but
the effect of the decision was clearly a strengthening of municipal right under police
power
NYC zoning ordinance CORRECT ANSWERS New York's comprehensive zoning
ordinance - the first in the country - resulted from a series of problems caused by the
city's remarkable growth at the turn of the 20th - dominant influence on the early
development of planning tools.) Adopted primarily to stop massive buildings from
preventing light and air from reaching the streets below; established limits in building
massing at certain heights, while not imposing height limits, restricted towers to a
percentage of the lot size.
Enabling acts CORRECT ANSWERS • Standard State Zoning Enabling Act (1922) -
Sanctioned the idea of local governments dividing territory into zones, with uniform
regulations in each zone - a key characteristic of what later became known as
Euclidean zoning.
• Standard City Planning Enabling Act (1928) - Created a model ordinance dealing with
what today's Californians would call the general plan process - powers of a planning
commission, content of the plan, and so on - as well as a municipality's subdivision
powers.
o Both were not laws but merely publications laying out model ordinances and laws that
states and localities might implement or adapt.
Euclid vs. Ambler (1926) CORRECT ANSWERS Euclid was a pleasant streetcar suburb
of Cleveland, Amber Realty owned 68 acres of land in Euclid. Most of the land was
zoned for commercial/industrial use, but some was family houses. Ambler claimed that
the zoning ordinance took its property without due process of law and denied equal
