NUR 206-CONTEMPORARY NURSING ISSUES TRENDS
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS 2025
MULTIPLE .CHOICE
• What .historical .event .first .led .to .the .recognition .of .the .contribution .of .blacks .to .nursing?
a. Florence .Nightingale‘s .acceptance .of .black .nurses .into .the .first .nursing .school
b. The .contributions .of .black .nurses .at .the .Pennsylvania .Hospital, .the .first .hospital
.in .America
c. Mary .Seacole‘s .efforts .to .care .for .soldiers .during .the .Crimean .War
d. The .work .done .by .wives .of .wealthy .black .nobles .who .carried .food .and
.medicine .from .house .to .house .during .the .Middle .Ages
ANS: . C
Although .Nightingale‘s .school .refused .Seacole, .she .was .able .to .make .a .difference .in .the
.Crimean .War .and .later .was .recognized .for .her .efforts.
DIF: Comprehension REF: . . pp. .8-9
• World .War .I .contributed .to .the .advancement .of .health .care .by:
a. increasing .the .number .of .private .care .hospitals .and .decreasing .the .role .of
.public .health .services.
b. employing .a .large .number .of .civilians .to .provide .care .to .returning
.soldiers .through .the .Red .Cross.
c. introducing .specialists .in .nursing .such .as .nurse .anesthetists.
d. increasing .the .number .of .community .health .nurses.
ANS: . C
World .War .I .offered .nurses .a .chance .to .enter .into .new .fields .of .specialization, .as .is .seen .in .the
.example .of .nurse .anesthetists, .who .became .part .of .surgical .teams .at .the .front .lines.
DIF: Comprehension REF: . p. .11
• The .primary .purpose .of .the .Social .Security .Act .of .1935 .was .to:
a. increase .research .that .focused .on .minority .groups.
b. provide .medical .care .for .chemically .impaired .persons.
c. ensure .health .care .for .older .adults .through .a .national .insurance .system.
d. decrease .the .public‘s .financial .burden .by .limiting .services .offered .by
.local .health .departments.
ANS: . C
By .providing .health .insurance .for .older .adults, .the .Social .Security .Act .of .1935 .set .the
.precedent .for .the .passage .of .the .Medicare .and .Medicaid .Acts .that .followed .in .1965, .but
.the .act .also .provided .maternal .and .child .welfare .services, .rehabilitation .for .the .mentally
.and .physically .challenged, .medical .care .for .blind .individuals .and .crippled .children, .and
.unemployment .benefits.
DIF: Comprehension REF: . p. .12
• A .client .asks .the .nurse, .―Can .you .explain .Medicare, .an .amendment .to .the .Social
.Security .Act?‖ .The .nurse .responds .that .Medicare:
a. led .to .many .hospital .closings, .along .with .a .decrease .in .acute .care .hospital–
based .nursing .care.
, b. provided .medical .insurance .to .those .younger .adults .or .children .who .were
.not .eligible .for .private .insurance .because .of .catastrophic .illnesses .such .as
.cancer.
c. provided .preventive .care .for .women, .infants, .and .children.
d. ensured .that .individuals .ages .65 .and .older .and .those .with .end-stage .renal
.disease .or .permanent .disabilities .had .health .care .insurance.
ANS: . D
The .Medicare .program .provides .hospital .insurance, .Part .A, .and .medical .insurance, .Part .B,
. to .all .people .ages .65 .and .older .who .are .eligible .to .receive .Social .Security .benefits;
.people .with .total, .permanent .disabilities; .and .people .with .end-stage .renal .disease.
DIF: . . Comprehension REF: . p. .14
• A .comparison .of .nursing .in .the .1980s .to .nursing .in .the .1990s .reveals .that:
a. in .the .1990s .nursing .experienced .a .significant .reduction .occurred .in
.preventable .diseases .caused .by .unsafe/unhealthy .lifestyles.
b. tuberculosis .was .the .primary .concern .for .nursing .in .the .1980s, .whereas
.the .AIDS .epidemic .emerged .and .was .its .focus .during .the .1990s.
c. a .decrease .in .ambulatory .services .in .the .1980s .prompted .an .increase .in
.public .health .nurses .in .the .1990s.
d. the .demand .for .advanced .practice .nurses .increased .in .the .1980s .and .the .1990s
.as .a .result .of .the .economy .and .concern .about .the .health .of .the .nation.
ANS: . D
The .numbers .of .advanced .nurse .practitioners .increased .as .evidence .of .their .cost-
effectiveness .as .providers .of .primary .and .preventive .health .care .became .established.
DIF: . . Comprehension REF: . pp. .16-17
• Which .statement .accurately .describes .the .historical .perspective .of .nursing .practice?
a. Nursing .has .existed .to .meet .the .needs .of .populations, .individuals, .and
.aggregates .by .providing .care .that .is .determined .by .the .needs .and .beliefs .of
.society .in .different .historical .contexts.
b. As .men .began .to .become .interested .in .nursing, .it .changed .into .a
.respected .profession .based .on .scientific .fact .rather .than .superstition.
c. Nursing .has .historically .accepted .individuals .from .all .social
.and .ethnic .backgrounds.
d. The .United .States .has .led .the .way .throughout .history .to .advance
.nursing .and .health .care .by .providing .the .first .hospital .and .medical
.school.
ANS: . A
Nursing .has .existed .since .biblical .times .to .address .needs .ranging .from .contagious .diseases
.in .early .times .to .health .prevention .in .the .present .time, .with .care .based .on .health .needs
.and .beliefs .of .the .time.
DIF: Comprehension REF: . p. .3 .|pp. .18-19
• The .use .of .herbs .has .become .a .popular .alternative .to .prescription .drugs .in .today‘s .health
.care .milieu. .During .which .other .historical .periods .did .health .practices .focus .on .the .use .of
.herbs?
a. Prehistoric .times .and .the .Middle .Ages
b. Civil .War .period .and .World .War .I
, c. Renaissance .and .Reformation .periods .and .the .Colonial .American .period
d. Crimean .War .and .Civil .War .periods
ANS: . A
During .prehistoric .times, .tribes .used .herbs .to .rid .themselves .of .disease; .in .the .Middle .Ages,
.women .used .herbs.
DIF: Comprehension REF: . p. .6
• A .care .provider .sacrifices .an .animal .and .waves .an .herb-filled .sack .over .a .client .who
.is .complaining .of .painful .joints .and .chest .pain .with .exertion. .This .ritual .represents
.health .care .during:
a. the .prehistoric .period.
b. early .civilization .in .Egypt.
c. the .Renaissance.
d. the .Middle .Ages.
ANS: . A
During .prehistoric .times, .illness .was .thought .to .be .caused .by .evil .spirits .that .providers
.attempted .to .scare .away .through .rituals .and .dances.
DIF: Comprehension REF: . p. .3
• A .prospective .nursing .student .who .researches .universities .that .offer .a .baccalaureate
.degree .in .nursing .would .want .to .ensure .that .the .program .is .accredited .by .the:
a. American .Nurses .Association.
b. Commission .on .Collegiate .Nursing .Education.
c. National .Institutes .of .Health.
d. National .Nursing .Council.
ANS: . B
The .Commission .on .Collegiate .Nursing .Education .(CCNE) .is .the .agency .that .exclusively
.accredits .baccalaureate .and .graduate-degree .nursing .programs.
DIF: Comprehension REF: . p. .4, .Box .1-1
• Nursing .in .the .1990s .was .characterized .by:
a. men .leaving .nursing .to .enter .the .armed .services.
b. traditional .8-hour .shifts .to .nurse .burnout .and .compassion .fatigue.
c. a .focus .on .preventable .diseases.
d. a .decrease .in .nursing .research.
ANS: . C
Health .promotion .and .disease .prevention .were .recognized .as .the .means .to .reduce .the .high
.number .of .mortalities .associated .with .preventable .diseases—Healthy .People .2000 .was
.published .as .a .nationwide .effort .to .reduce .preventable .deaths.
DIF: Comprehension REF: . pp. .16-17
, • A .nurse .is .part .of .the .policy .committee .for .a .hospital. .The .committee .is .provided .with
.statistics .indicating .that .patients .participating .in .a .satisfaction .survey .felt .they .lacked
.sufficient .information .about .new .drugs .started .while .hospitalized .and .continued .after
.discharge. .In .addition, .charts .noted .high .recidivism .rates. .The .committee .recommended
.that .a .formalized .patient .education .plan .be .instituted .to .reconcile .all .medications .and
.provide .patient .information .about .new .medications. .The .committee .is .using .which
.component .of .the .Institute .of .Medicine .(IOM) .2011 .message?
a. Nurses .should .achieve .higher .levels .of .education .to .be .effective .members .of
.an .interdisciplinary .team.
b. Nurses .should .have .a .minimum .of .a .master‘s .degree .to .sit .on
.policy .committees .that .affect .an .entire .facility.
c. Pay .for .nurses .should .be .consistent .with .that .of .physicians .since .the
.committee .is .interdisciplinary.
d. Policy .is .based .on .data, .which .provides .the .groundwork .for .decision .making.
ANS: . D
The .IOM .report .initiatives .include .effective .workforce .planning .and .policymaking .based .on
.better .data .collection .and .improved .infrastructure.
DIF: Application REF: . p. .16| .p. .18
• The .Affordable .Care .Act .of .2011:
a. requires .that .by .2020 .all .newly .licensed .nurses .have .a .bachelor‘s
.degree .at .minimum.
b. would .provide .health .care .benefits .to .millions .who .were .previously .uninsurable
.or .unable .to .afford .insurance.
c. caps .the .amount .that .hospitals .and .physicians .can .charge .for .procedures.
d. subsidizes .private .insurance .companies, .thereby .reducing .health .care .costs
.for .individuals .who .have .chronic .or .catastrophic .illness .such .as .cancer.
ANS: . B
It .is .anticipated .that .the .ACA .(2011) .will .make .insurance .coverage .possible .for .millions
.who .have .previously .not .had .insurance .or .had .been .denied .insurance.
DIF: Comprehension REF: . pp. .18-19
• It .has .been .said .that .―history .repeats .itself .because .no .one .was .listening .the .first .time.‖
.Which .statement .is .true .when .comparing .the .nursing .care .provided .in .the .Civil .War .(1861
.to .1865) .to .that .provided .during .the .Crimean .War?
a. Epidemics .such .as .smallpox .and .typhoid .were .the .primary .emphasis .of
.nursing .care .in .both .wars.
b. Soldiers .were .housed .in .substandard .conditions, .but .due .to .Nightingale‘s .push
.for .sanitary .conditions, .in .the .Civil .War .soldiers .were .housed .in .aseptic
.conditions.
c. Black .nurses .were .widely .accepted .by .society .and .the .profession, .receiving
.equal .compensation .during .the .Civil .War .due .in .large .part .to .the .efforts .of
.Mary .Seacole .during .the .Crimean .War.
d. Both .Nightingale .(Crimean .War) .and .Dix .(Civil .War) .completed .nursing
.training .before .accepting .positions .as .nurses .in .the .wars.
ANS: . A
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS 2025
MULTIPLE .CHOICE
• What .historical .event .first .led .to .the .recognition .of .the .contribution .of .blacks .to .nursing?
a. Florence .Nightingale‘s .acceptance .of .black .nurses .into .the .first .nursing .school
b. The .contributions .of .black .nurses .at .the .Pennsylvania .Hospital, .the .first .hospital
.in .America
c. Mary .Seacole‘s .efforts .to .care .for .soldiers .during .the .Crimean .War
d. The .work .done .by .wives .of .wealthy .black .nobles .who .carried .food .and
.medicine .from .house .to .house .during .the .Middle .Ages
ANS: . C
Although .Nightingale‘s .school .refused .Seacole, .she .was .able .to .make .a .difference .in .the
.Crimean .War .and .later .was .recognized .for .her .efforts.
DIF: Comprehension REF: . . pp. .8-9
• World .War .I .contributed .to .the .advancement .of .health .care .by:
a. increasing .the .number .of .private .care .hospitals .and .decreasing .the .role .of
.public .health .services.
b. employing .a .large .number .of .civilians .to .provide .care .to .returning
.soldiers .through .the .Red .Cross.
c. introducing .specialists .in .nursing .such .as .nurse .anesthetists.
d. increasing .the .number .of .community .health .nurses.
ANS: . C
World .War .I .offered .nurses .a .chance .to .enter .into .new .fields .of .specialization, .as .is .seen .in .the
.example .of .nurse .anesthetists, .who .became .part .of .surgical .teams .at .the .front .lines.
DIF: Comprehension REF: . p. .11
• The .primary .purpose .of .the .Social .Security .Act .of .1935 .was .to:
a. increase .research .that .focused .on .minority .groups.
b. provide .medical .care .for .chemically .impaired .persons.
c. ensure .health .care .for .older .adults .through .a .national .insurance .system.
d. decrease .the .public‘s .financial .burden .by .limiting .services .offered .by
.local .health .departments.
ANS: . C
By .providing .health .insurance .for .older .adults, .the .Social .Security .Act .of .1935 .set .the
.precedent .for .the .passage .of .the .Medicare .and .Medicaid .Acts .that .followed .in .1965, .but
.the .act .also .provided .maternal .and .child .welfare .services, .rehabilitation .for .the .mentally
.and .physically .challenged, .medical .care .for .blind .individuals .and .crippled .children, .and
.unemployment .benefits.
DIF: Comprehension REF: . p. .12
• A .client .asks .the .nurse, .―Can .you .explain .Medicare, .an .amendment .to .the .Social
.Security .Act?‖ .The .nurse .responds .that .Medicare:
a. led .to .many .hospital .closings, .along .with .a .decrease .in .acute .care .hospital–
based .nursing .care.
, b. provided .medical .insurance .to .those .younger .adults .or .children .who .were
.not .eligible .for .private .insurance .because .of .catastrophic .illnesses .such .as
.cancer.
c. provided .preventive .care .for .women, .infants, .and .children.
d. ensured .that .individuals .ages .65 .and .older .and .those .with .end-stage .renal
.disease .or .permanent .disabilities .had .health .care .insurance.
ANS: . D
The .Medicare .program .provides .hospital .insurance, .Part .A, .and .medical .insurance, .Part .B,
. to .all .people .ages .65 .and .older .who .are .eligible .to .receive .Social .Security .benefits;
.people .with .total, .permanent .disabilities; .and .people .with .end-stage .renal .disease.
DIF: . . Comprehension REF: . p. .14
• A .comparison .of .nursing .in .the .1980s .to .nursing .in .the .1990s .reveals .that:
a. in .the .1990s .nursing .experienced .a .significant .reduction .occurred .in
.preventable .diseases .caused .by .unsafe/unhealthy .lifestyles.
b. tuberculosis .was .the .primary .concern .for .nursing .in .the .1980s, .whereas
.the .AIDS .epidemic .emerged .and .was .its .focus .during .the .1990s.
c. a .decrease .in .ambulatory .services .in .the .1980s .prompted .an .increase .in
.public .health .nurses .in .the .1990s.
d. the .demand .for .advanced .practice .nurses .increased .in .the .1980s .and .the .1990s
.as .a .result .of .the .economy .and .concern .about .the .health .of .the .nation.
ANS: . D
The .numbers .of .advanced .nurse .practitioners .increased .as .evidence .of .their .cost-
effectiveness .as .providers .of .primary .and .preventive .health .care .became .established.
DIF: . . Comprehension REF: . pp. .16-17
• Which .statement .accurately .describes .the .historical .perspective .of .nursing .practice?
a. Nursing .has .existed .to .meet .the .needs .of .populations, .individuals, .and
.aggregates .by .providing .care .that .is .determined .by .the .needs .and .beliefs .of
.society .in .different .historical .contexts.
b. As .men .began .to .become .interested .in .nursing, .it .changed .into .a
.respected .profession .based .on .scientific .fact .rather .than .superstition.
c. Nursing .has .historically .accepted .individuals .from .all .social
.and .ethnic .backgrounds.
d. The .United .States .has .led .the .way .throughout .history .to .advance
.nursing .and .health .care .by .providing .the .first .hospital .and .medical
.school.
ANS: . A
Nursing .has .existed .since .biblical .times .to .address .needs .ranging .from .contagious .diseases
.in .early .times .to .health .prevention .in .the .present .time, .with .care .based .on .health .needs
.and .beliefs .of .the .time.
DIF: Comprehension REF: . p. .3 .|pp. .18-19
• The .use .of .herbs .has .become .a .popular .alternative .to .prescription .drugs .in .today‘s .health
.care .milieu. .During .which .other .historical .periods .did .health .practices .focus .on .the .use .of
.herbs?
a. Prehistoric .times .and .the .Middle .Ages
b. Civil .War .period .and .World .War .I
, c. Renaissance .and .Reformation .periods .and .the .Colonial .American .period
d. Crimean .War .and .Civil .War .periods
ANS: . A
During .prehistoric .times, .tribes .used .herbs .to .rid .themselves .of .disease; .in .the .Middle .Ages,
.women .used .herbs.
DIF: Comprehension REF: . p. .6
• A .care .provider .sacrifices .an .animal .and .waves .an .herb-filled .sack .over .a .client .who
.is .complaining .of .painful .joints .and .chest .pain .with .exertion. .This .ritual .represents
.health .care .during:
a. the .prehistoric .period.
b. early .civilization .in .Egypt.
c. the .Renaissance.
d. the .Middle .Ages.
ANS: . A
During .prehistoric .times, .illness .was .thought .to .be .caused .by .evil .spirits .that .providers
.attempted .to .scare .away .through .rituals .and .dances.
DIF: Comprehension REF: . p. .3
• A .prospective .nursing .student .who .researches .universities .that .offer .a .baccalaureate
.degree .in .nursing .would .want .to .ensure .that .the .program .is .accredited .by .the:
a. American .Nurses .Association.
b. Commission .on .Collegiate .Nursing .Education.
c. National .Institutes .of .Health.
d. National .Nursing .Council.
ANS: . B
The .Commission .on .Collegiate .Nursing .Education .(CCNE) .is .the .agency .that .exclusively
.accredits .baccalaureate .and .graduate-degree .nursing .programs.
DIF: Comprehension REF: . p. .4, .Box .1-1
• Nursing .in .the .1990s .was .characterized .by:
a. men .leaving .nursing .to .enter .the .armed .services.
b. traditional .8-hour .shifts .to .nurse .burnout .and .compassion .fatigue.
c. a .focus .on .preventable .diseases.
d. a .decrease .in .nursing .research.
ANS: . C
Health .promotion .and .disease .prevention .were .recognized .as .the .means .to .reduce .the .high
.number .of .mortalities .associated .with .preventable .diseases—Healthy .People .2000 .was
.published .as .a .nationwide .effort .to .reduce .preventable .deaths.
DIF: Comprehension REF: . pp. .16-17
, • A .nurse .is .part .of .the .policy .committee .for .a .hospital. .The .committee .is .provided .with
.statistics .indicating .that .patients .participating .in .a .satisfaction .survey .felt .they .lacked
.sufficient .information .about .new .drugs .started .while .hospitalized .and .continued .after
.discharge. .In .addition, .charts .noted .high .recidivism .rates. .The .committee .recommended
.that .a .formalized .patient .education .plan .be .instituted .to .reconcile .all .medications .and
.provide .patient .information .about .new .medications. .The .committee .is .using .which
.component .of .the .Institute .of .Medicine .(IOM) .2011 .message?
a. Nurses .should .achieve .higher .levels .of .education .to .be .effective .members .of
.an .interdisciplinary .team.
b. Nurses .should .have .a .minimum .of .a .master‘s .degree .to .sit .on
.policy .committees .that .affect .an .entire .facility.
c. Pay .for .nurses .should .be .consistent .with .that .of .physicians .since .the
.committee .is .interdisciplinary.
d. Policy .is .based .on .data, .which .provides .the .groundwork .for .decision .making.
ANS: . D
The .IOM .report .initiatives .include .effective .workforce .planning .and .policymaking .based .on
.better .data .collection .and .improved .infrastructure.
DIF: Application REF: . p. .16| .p. .18
• The .Affordable .Care .Act .of .2011:
a. requires .that .by .2020 .all .newly .licensed .nurses .have .a .bachelor‘s
.degree .at .minimum.
b. would .provide .health .care .benefits .to .millions .who .were .previously .uninsurable
.or .unable .to .afford .insurance.
c. caps .the .amount .that .hospitals .and .physicians .can .charge .for .procedures.
d. subsidizes .private .insurance .companies, .thereby .reducing .health .care .costs
.for .individuals .who .have .chronic .or .catastrophic .illness .such .as .cancer.
ANS: . B
It .is .anticipated .that .the .ACA .(2011) .will .make .insurance .coverage .possible .for .millions
.who .have .previously .not .had .insurance .or .had .been .denied .insurance.
DIF: Comprehension REF: . pp. .18-19
• It .has .been .said .that .―history .repeats .itself .because .no .one .was .listening .the .first .time.‖
.Which .statement .is .true .when .comparing .the .nursing .care .provided .in .the .Civil .War .(1861
.to .1865) .to .that .provided .during .the .Crimean .War?
a. Epidemics .such .as .smallpox .and .typhoid .were .the .primary .emphasis .of
.nursing .care .in .both .wars.
b. Soldiers .were .housed .in .substandard .conditions, .but .due .to .Nightingale‘s .push
.for .sanitary .conditions, .in .the .Civil .War .soldiers .were .housed .in .aseptic
.conditions.
c. Black .nurses .were .widely .accepted .by .society .and .the .profession, .receiving
.equal .compensation .during .the .Civil .War .due .in .large .part .to .the .efforts .of
.Mary .Seacole .during .the .Crimean .War.
d. Both .Nightingale .(Crimean .War) .and .Dix .(Civil .War) .completed .nursing
.training .before .accepting .positions .as .nurses .in .the .wars.
ANS: . A
