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Class 10 Science Chapter 2 – Acids, Bases and Salts (Full NCERT Notes PDF)

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This is a complete PDF of Class 10 Science Chapter 2: Acids, Bases and Salts based on the latest NCERT syllabus (2025-26). It includes: Well-organized handwritten style summary Key reactions, activities, and equations pH concepts and daily life applications Salts, preparation, and chemical properties Perfect for exam revision & last-minute study Ideal for CBSE students Format: High-quality PDF Instant download after purchase

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Class 10 - Chapter 2: Acids, Bases and Salts (NCERT Notes)

1. Acids and Bases Basics

- Acids: Sour in taste, turn blue litmus red.

- Bases: Bitter in taste, turn red litmus blue.

- Indicators:

* Natural: Litmus, turmeric, red cabbage.

* Synthetic: Methyl orange, phenolphthalein.

* Olfactory: Onion, vanilla, clove.



2. Chemical Properties

- Acid + Metal -> Salt + Hydrogen Gas

- Base + Metal -> Salt + Hydrogen Gas (some metals only)

- Acid + Metal Carbonate -> Salt + CO2 + Water

- Acid + Base -> Salt + Water (Neutralisation)

- Metal Oxide + Acid -> Salt + Water

- Non-metallic Oxide + Base -> Salt + Water



3. Ions in Solution

- Acids release H+ ions in water -> acidity

- Bases release OH- ions in water -> basicity

- HCl gas alone not acidic, needs water to release H+



4. Strength of Acids and Bases

- Measured by pH scale (014):

* pH < 7 -> Acidic

* pH = 7 -> Neutral

* pH > 7 -> Basic

- Universal Indicator shows exact pH



5. Importance of pH in Daily Life

- Stomach acid (HCl) helps digestion; antacids neutralise excess acid.
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  • science cbse ncert acids bases salts
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