HAWAII VETERINARY STATE LICENSING
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST
2025-2026 UPDATE
Clinical signs of Bufo marinus/Rhinella marina - Answer-
Hypersalivation, pawing at mouth, head shaking, retching, vomiting, GI
upset, collapse, seizures, ataxia, pale MM, cyanosis, tachypnea
Bufo toxin species - Answer-Bufo marinus / Rhinella marina
General clinical signs of bufo toxin ingestion - Answer-Hyperslaivation
head shaking
pawing at mouth
retching
vomiting
Severe clinical signs of bufo toxin ingestion/contact - Answer-Cardiac
arrhythmias, dyspnea, cyanosis, seizures
Treatment for bufo toxin ingestion/contact:
1.
2. - Answer-1. FLUSH mouth
2. Supportive care (treat arrhytmias and seizures, supplemental O2)
,Bufo toxin - Treatments:
1. Bradycardia, heartblock, SA node abnormalities: _________
2. Tachycardia/supraventricular tachycardia: _______
3. V-tach: _________
4. Seizures: ________ - Answer-1. Atropine
2. Propranolol
3. Lidocaine
4. Diazepam
Canine Ehrlichiosis:
Cytology: _______ found in ________ - Answer-morulae found in
monocytes
Canine Ehrlichiosis: disease of ________ (cell type) - Answer-
monocytes
Transmission of canine ehrlichiosis is by ___________ (common name
and species name) - Answer-brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus
sanguineous)
Two main methods of transmission of canine ehrlichiosis: - Answer-
Host-tick-host transmission
Blood transfusion
,T/F: there is evidence of vertical transmission of Canine ehrlichiosis -
Answer-False
Canine ehrlichiosis: Acute signs: - Answer-BLEEDING TENDENCIES
Fever
lymphadenopathy
splenomegaly
thrombocytopenia
Anorexia
Depression
Lethargy
Stiffness/reluctance to walk
Edema of limbs/scrotum
coughing/Dyspnea
How long can a the subclinical phase of Canine Ehrlichiosis last? -
Answer-months to years
Incubation period of Canine Ehrlichiosis - Answer-1-3 weeks
Three phases of Canine Ehrlichiosis - Answer-Acute: (1-4 weeks):
Patient has clinical signs, not treated, recover and clear organism
Subclinical (months to years): patient has no clinical signs
Chronic: Recurrence of clinical signs
, Canine ehrlichiosis: Lab findings - Answer-Mild anemmia
Leukopenia/leukocytosis
Thrombocytopenia
MORULAE IN MONOCYTES ON BLOOD SMEARS
Canine ehrlichiosis: Chronic signs - Answer-organ dysfunction
splenomegaly
weight loss
severe thrombocytopenia causing epistaxis
hematuria
melena
petechiae
ecchymosis
pancytopenia
shifting leg lameness
FUO
Diagnosis of Canine ehrlichiosis - Answer-BLOOD SMEAR:
MORULAE IN MONOCYTES
Canine ehrlichiosis treatment: - Answer-Doxycycline 5-10 mg/kg PO
q24h x 10 - 21 days
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST
2025-2026 UPDATE
Clinical signs of Bufo marinus/Rhinella marina - Answer-
Hypersalivation, pawing at mouth, head shaking, retching, vomiting, GI
upset, collapse, seizures, ataxia, pale MM, cyanosis, tachypnea
Bufo toxin species - Answer-Bufo marinus / Rhinella marina
General clinical signs of bufo toxin ingestion - Answer-Hyperslaivation
head shaking
pawing at mouth
retching
vomiting
Severe clinical signs of bufo toxin ingestion/contact - Answer-Cardiac
arrhythmias, dyspnea, cyanosis, seizures
Treatment for bufo toxin ingestion/contact:
1.
2. - Answer-1. FLUSH mouth
2. Supportive care (treat arrhytmias and seizures, supplemental O2)
,Bufo toxin - Treatments:
1. Bradycardia, heartblock, SA node abnormalities: _________
2. Tachycardia/supraventricular tachycardia: _______
3. V-tach: _________
4. Seizures: ________ - Answer-1. Atropine
2. Propranolol
3. Lidocaine
4. Diazepam
Canine Ehrlichiosis:
Cytology: _______ found in ________ - Answer-morulae found in
monocytes
Canine Ehrlichiosis: disease of ________ (cell type) - Answer-
monocytes
Transmission of canine ehrlichiosis is by ___________ (common name
and species name) - Answer-brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus
sanguineous)
Two main methods of transmission of canine ehrlichiosis: - Answer-
Host-tick-host transmission
Blood transfusion
,T/F: there is evidence of vertical transmission of Canine ehrlichiosis -
Answer-False
Canine ehrlichiosis: Acute signs: - Answer-BLEEDING TENDENCIES
Fever
lymphadenopathy
splenomegaly
thrombocytopenia
Anorexia
Depression
Lethargy
Stiffness/reluctance to walk
Edema of limbs/scrotum
coughing/Dyspnea
How long can a the subclinical phase of Canine Ehrlichiosis last? -
Answer-months to years
Incubation period of Canine Ehrlichiosis - Answer-1-3 weeks
Three phases of Canine Ehrlichiosis - Answer-Acute: (1-4 weeks):
Patient has clinical signs, not treated, recover and clear organism
Subclinical (months to years): patient has no clinical signs
Chronic: Recurrence of clinical signs
, Canine ehrlichiosis: Lab findings - Answer-Mild anemmia
Leukopenia/leukocytosis
Thrombocytopenia
MORULAE IN MONOCYTES ON BLOOD SMEARS
Canine ehrlichiosis: Chronic signs - Answer-organ dysfunction
splenomegaly
weight loss
severe thrombocytopenia causing epistaxis
hematuria
melena
petechiae
ecchymosis
pancytopenia
shifting leg lameness
FUO
Diagnosis of Canine ehrlichiosis - Answer-BLOOD SMEAR:
MORULAE IN MONOCYTES
Canine ehrlichiosis treatment: - Answer-Doxycycline 5-10 mg/kg PO
q24h x 10 - 21 days
