Civil Rights 1865-1992
Four Units: African American (AA), Women, Native Americans (NA), Trade Unions (TU)
Interpretation Periods: Gilded Age, New Deal, Black Power
US Presidents 1865-1992
1861-1865 Abraham Lincoln
1865-1869 Andrew Johnson
1869-1877 Ulysses S. Grant
1877-1881 Rutherford Birchard Hayes
1881 James A. Garfield
1881-1885 Chester A. Arthur
1885-1889 Grover Cleveland
1889-1893 Benjamin Harrison
1893-1897 Grover Cleveland
1897-1901 William McKinley
1901-1909 Theodore Roosevelt
1909-1913 William H. Taft
1913-1921 Woodrow Wilson
1921-1923 Warren G. Harding
1923-1929 Calvin Coolidge
1929-1933 Herbert Hoover
1933-1945 Franklin D. Roosevelt
1945-1953 Harry S. Truman
1953-1961 Dwight D. Eisenhower
1961-1963 John F. Kennedy
1963-1969 Lyndon B. Johnson
1969-1974 Richard M. Nixon
1974-1977 Gerald R. Ford
1977-1981 Jimmy Carter
, 1981-1989 Ronald Reagan
1989-1993 George Bush
The Constitution
The Amendments:
1. Freedom of speech, religion and right to petition the government
2. Gives citizens the right to bear arms
3. Prohibits the government from housing troops in private lodging (Quartering)
4. Protects citizens from unlawful searches and means the police need a warrant to
search you
5. Means you do not have to take witness stand
6. You have the right to a fair trial
7. Civil cases preserve the right to trial by jury
8. Prohibits excessive bail, excessive fines, and cruel and unusual punishments
9. The list of rights enumerated in the Constitution is not exhaustive, and that the
people retain all rights
10. All powers not delegated to the United States, or prohibited to the States, to either
the States or to the people
11. Individuals cannot sue a state in a federal court.
12. Separate ballots for President and Vice President.
13. Abolish slavery
14. If you are born or naturalised in the U.S. then you are a citizen of the U.S.
15. You cannot prevent a person from voting because of race, colour, or creed.
16. Income tax.
17. Popular election of U.S. Senators
18. Prohibition.
19. Women get the right to vote.
Legislative Executive Judicial
The US Capital is made up The White House (President The Supreme Court
of Congress (The House of and Vice-President)
Representatives and The The most important court
Senate) Can use Executive Order- with judges who have a job
can make a law without for life
They have to pass laws for consulting other people
the laws to become The president appoints the
legislature Enforces laws of congress judges
Works close with cabinet Role is to decide if a law is
against the constitution-
Commands armed forces unconstitutional
Meets foreign
representatives
,The Civil War 1861-1865:
Causes:
● Modern industrial north vs the rural south which has a weaker economy as
relied on efficient slavery
● The south wanted a slavery expansion as they went west but the north did not
want slavery to expand into western territories
● Lincoln was a northern presided who southern politicians disagreed with
● The south left the union as set up the confederate government
● The north wanted to tax foreign goods but the south did not want to as it
might mean that they would have to tax their products
Events:
● 1860- Abraham Lincoln became president and believed slavery was wrong
but didn’t abolish it
● The southern states tried to secede (withdraw) from the Union meaning
Lincoln had to declare war
● April 12th 1861- war begins and Lincoln mobilises the northern railways but
the south had better soldiers and willingness to fight as they were defending
their way of life (slavery)
● 18 months of fighting- Lincoln becomes desperate so decided to free the
slaves to destroy the southern economy and demoralise it (The Emancipation
Proclamation January 1st 1863)
● Freed slaves fight with the north helping them as the south struggles with
shortages and inflation
● The war ends on the 9th of April 1965 when the south surrendered
● Lincoln turned up at the Confederate Capital with white and black people in
attempt to win all of America back
● Ten days later he was assassinated in a theatre by Booth who saw him as a
tyrant
Impact:
● 620,000 soldiers killed= 2% of population
● Assassination of Lincoln
● The war left a bitter legacy in southern whites, making them angry and
leaving AAs to face poverty
● Southern states had their land devastated due to the conflict
● The union was preserved and stormed ahead economically
● Very few attitudes towards AAs changed as some viewed them as heroes
● The 13th Amendment was passed which ended slavery
Reconstruction 1865-1877:
The Presidents:
Lincoln was a republican but Andrew Johnson was the vice president who was a southern
democrat who believed in the union, so Lincoln used it to get more votes. His goal was to
readmit the south to the union so wanted to keep the country as it was pre war just without
slavery. However, congress was made up of radical republicans who wanted
“reconstruction” of the south, rights for AA and the south to be controlled by northerners
, Who had the most power?
Johnson Congress
-Johnson issued thousands of pardons tp -Determined to allow AAs to vote as they
southern rebels, many being former slave would vote republican and introduced many
owners, in order to use his power to create policies
a union and gain support
-Forced laws through with a ⅔ majority
-Insisted south ratified the 13th amendment
but said nothing about the civil rights of -Tried to impeach Johnson but it failed by
freed slaves and allowed the south to one vote
introduce the Black Codes to restrict AA
civil rights -Johnsom agreed to let Congress pass laws
and to sit out his presidency quietly
-Vetoed policies introduced by Congress
Reconstruction changes:
Black Codes (1865/6)- Introduced by states to restrict the newly freed AAs including
interracial unions being outlawed, AAs not being allowed to give evidence against a white
person, serve on a jury or vote, and only allowed in segregated schools
Freedmen's Bureau- Set up by the federal government to support freed slaves including
finding homes, employment, providing food, education and medical care.
Formation of the KKK (1865)- Attacked black people and white people supporting them,
creating an atmosphere of racial hostility and terror
The Civil Rights Act of 1866- All races were fully citizens even if they have been enslaved
(Excluding Native Americans)
14th Amendment (1868)- Citizenship and “equal protection under the law”
15th Amendment (1870)- could not deny someone the right to vote on the basis of colour,
race or “previous servitude”
Sharecropping- Southern landowners divided plantations into small tendencies which
freedmen would rent for half their crop. Sharecroppers has no control and they were often on
the same land they had been enslaved on
Did AAs make progress during Reconstruction?
Political Rights ● 700,000 men could vote due to the 15th amendment but this
was not representative of the AA male population
● Scalawags and carpetbaggers were trying to ensure AAs
were fairy treated during Reconstruction
Political Rights in ● Only 5% of AAs lived in the north
Four Units: African American (AA), Women, Native Americans (NA), Trade Unions (TU)
Interpretation Periods: Gilded Age, New Deal, Black Power
US Presidents 1865-1992
1861-1865 Abraham Lincoln
1865-1869 Andrew Johnson
1869-1877 Ulysses S. Grant
1877-1881 Rutherford Birchard Hayes
1881 James A. Garfield
1881-1885 Chester A. Arthur
1885-1889 Grover Cleveland
1889-1893 Benjamin Harrison
1893-1897 Grover Cleveland
1897-1901 William McKinley
1901-1909 Theodore Roosevelt
1909-1913 William H. Taft
1913-1921 Woodrow Wilson
1921-1923 Warren G. Harding
1923-1929 Calvin Coolidge
1929-1933 Herbert Hoover
1933-1945 Franklin D. Roosevelt
1945-1953 Harry S. Truman
1953-1961 Dwight D. Eisenhower
1961-1963 John F. Kennedy
1963-1969 Lyndon B. Johnson
1969-1974 Richard M. Nixon
1974-1977 Gerald R. Ford
1977-1981 Jimmy Carter
, 1981-1989 Ronald Reagan
1989-1993 George Bush
The Constitution
The Amendments:
1. Freedom of speech, religion and right to petition the government
2. Gives citizens the right to bear arms
3. Prohibits the government from housing troops in private lodging (Quartering)
4. Protects citizens from unlawful searches and means the police need a warrant to
search you
5. Means you do not have to take witness stand
6. You have the right to a fair trial
7. Civil cases preserve the right to trial by jury
8. Prohibits excessive bail, excessive fines, and cruel and unusual punishments
9. The list of rights enumerated in the Constitution is not exhaustive, and that the
people retain all rights
10. All powers not delegated to the United States, or prohibited to the States, to either
the States or to the people
11. Individuals cannot sue a state in a federal court.
12. Separate ballots for President and Vice President.
13. Abolish slavery
14. If you are born or naturalised in the U.S. then you are a citizen of the U.S.
15. You cannot prevent a person from voting because of race, colour, or creed.
16. Income tax.
17. Popular election of U.S. Senators
18. Prohibition.
19. Women get the right to vote.
Legislative Executive Judicial
The US Capital is made up The White House (President The Supreme Court
of Congress (The House of and Vice-President)
Representatives and The The most important court
Senate) Can use Executive Order- with judges who have a job
can make a law without for life
They have to pass laws for consulting other people
the laws to become The president appoints the
legislature Enforces laws of congress judges
Works close with cabinet Role is to decide if a law is
against the constitution-
Commands armed forces unconstitutional
Meets foreign
representatives
,The Civil War 1861-1865:
Causes:
● Modern industrial north vs the rural south which has a weaker economy as
relied on efficient slavery
● The south wanted a slavery expansion as they went west but the north did not
want slavery to expand into western territories
● Lincoln was a northern presided who southern politicians disagreed with
● The south left the union as set up the confederate government
● The north wanted to tax foreign goods but the south did not want to as it
might mean that they would have to tax their products
Events:
● 1860- Abraham Lincoln became president and believed slavery was wrong
but didn’t abolish it
● The southern states tried to secede (withdraw) from the Union meaning
Lincoln had to declare war
● April 12th 1861- war begins and Lincoln mobilises the northern railways but
the south had better soldiers and willingness to fight as they were defending
their way of life (slavery)
● 18 months of fighting- Lincoln becomes desperate so decided to free the
slaves to destroy the southern economy and demoralise it (The Emancipation
Proclamation January 1st 1863)
● Freed slaves fight with the north helping them as the south struggles with
shortages and inflation
● The war ends on the 9th of April 1965 when the south surrendered
● Lincoln turned up at the Confederate Capital with white and black people in
attempt to win all of America back
● Ten days later he was assassinated in a theatre by Booth who saw him as a
tyrant
Impact:
● 620,000 soldiers killed= 2% of population
● Assassination of Lincoln
● The war left a bitter legacy in southern whites, making them angry and
leaving AAs to face poverty
● Southern states had their land devastated due to the conflict
● The union was preserved and stormed ahead economically
● Very few attitudes towards AAs changed as some viewed them as heroes
● The 13th Amendment was passed which ended slavery
Reconstruction 1865-1877:
The Presidents:
Lincoln was a republican but Andrew Johnson was the vice president who was a southern
democrat who believed in the union, so Lincoln used it to get more votes. His goal was to
readmit the south to the union so wanted to keep the country as it was pre war just without
slavery. However, congress was made up of radical republicans who wanted
“reconstruction” of the south, rights for AA and the south to be controlled by northerners
, Who had the most power?
Johnson Congress
-Johnson issued thousands of pardons tp -Determined to allow AAs to vote as they
southern rebels, many being former slave would vote republican and introduced many
owners, in order to use his power to create policies
a union and gain support
-Forced laws through with a ⅔ majority
-Insisted south ratified the 13th amendment
but said nothing about the civil rights of -Tried to impeach Johnson but it failed by
freed slaves and allowed the south to one vote
introduce the Black Codes to restrict AA
civil rights -Johnsom agreed to let Congress pass laws
and to sit out his presidency quietly
-Vetoed policies introduced by Congress
Reconstruction changes:
Black Codes (1865/6)- Introduced by states to restrict the newly freed AAs including
interracial unions being outlawed, AAs not being allowed to give evidence against a white
person, serve on a jury or vote, and only allowed in segregated schools
Freedmen's Bureau- Set up by the federal government to support freed slaves including
finding homes, employment, providing food, education and medical care.
Formation of the KKK (1865)- Attacked black people and white people supporting them,
creating an atmosphere of racial hostility and terror
The Civil Rights Act of 1866- All races were fully citizens even if they have been enslaved
(Excluding Native Americans)
14th Amendment (1868)- Citizenship and “equal protection under the law”
15th Amendment (1870)- could not deny someone the right to vote on the basis of colour,
race or “previous servitude”
Sharecropping- Southern landowners divided plantations into small tendencies which
freedmen would rent for half their crop. Sharecroppers has no control and they were often on
the same land they had been enslaved on
Did AAs make progress during Reconstruction?
Political Rights ● 700,000 men could vote due to the 15th amendment but this
was not representative of the AA male population
● Scalawags and carpetbaggers were trying to ensure AAs
were fairy treated during Reconstruction
Political Rights in ● Only 5% of AAs lived in the north
