MODULE:2 CERAMICS
• CERAMICS:
Ceramic are the inorganic non-metallic material usually made of clay.
It can be processed and used at high temperature. They include silicates, metallic
oxides, and their combinations.
Ceramics can be grouped into three broad division- according to their common
characteristics features into-
1. Clay products
2. Refractories and
3. Glasses
Clay products can be subdivided into three main types.
1. The structural clay product, all of which contains iron oxides. They are used for
bricks, tiles and similar products.
2. The white wares, which are polar substances such as porcelain
3. Chemical stonewares
• General properties of ceramics:
Chemical and physical properties:
1. The high chemical stability of ceramics is due to the presence of the components
in is such as oxides, carbides etc.
2. Oxides ceramics are highly resistant to oxidizingandreducing
atmosphere and change in temperature.
3. The stability of ceramics depends upon the compactness of crystal structure, high
directional character of chemical bonding and field strength of small cations of
high charge.
Mechanical properties:
1. Ceramics are brittle solids. These are very resistant to compression.
2. The strength of ceramics mainly depends upon temperature, its size and shape,
surface condition, and micro conditions.
Electrical properties:
1. The oxide ceramics are generally bad conductors or insulators in their normal
oxidation state. Non oxides ceramics acts as semiconductors.
• Uses of Ceramics
1. Construction:Bricks, tiles, cement, glass, and sanitary ware.
2. Electronics:Capacitors, resistors, insulators, and piezoelectric devices.
3. Medical Applications:Dental implants, bone replacements, and surgical tools.
4. Aerospace and Automotive:Thermal barriers, turbine blades, and spark plugs.
, 5. Industrial Applications:Cutting tools, grinding wheels, and chemical reactors.
6. Energy:Solar panels, fuel cells, and nuclear applications.
• Types of Ceramic Material
SR. CERAMIC PROPERTIES APPLICATIONS
NO. MATERIALS
1 CARBORUNDUM, HARDNESS & GRINDING &
BORON NITRIDE RESISTANCE TO CUTTING WHEEL
WEAR
2 CEMENT, BRICK MUCH HIGHER CEMENTS &
COMPRESSIVE BRICKS ARE
STRENGTH THAN PREFERABLY USED
TENSILE STRENGTH IN COMPRESSION
THAN IN TENSION
3 BARIUM PIEZOELECTRIC GRAMOPHONE
TITANATE & PROPERTY(PROPERTY PICK-UPS,
MODIFIED LEAD OF TRANSFORMING ROUGHNESS
ZIRCONATE MECHANICAL METERS
TITANATE DEFORMATIONS INTO
VOLTAGE CHANGES
& VICE VERSA)
4 MAGNESIA, VERY GOOD CRUCIBLE &
ZIRCONIA, CHEMICAL FURNACE LININGS
PORCELAIN, RESISTANCE EVEN AT
ALUMINA, ETC VERY HIGH TEMP.
5 GLAZED EXCELLENT CHEMICAL
PORCELAIN CHEMICAL VESSELS
RESISTANCE
6 GLASSES REFRACTIVE INDEX MANUFACTURE OF
EASILY VARIABLE LENSES
7 FERRITES HIGH RESISTIVITY & ELECTRONIC
MAGNETIC APPLICATIONS
PROPERTIES
8 REFRACTORIES EXCELLENT FURNACE WALLS &
CHEMICAL, HEAT & ROOFS, LADLES
ABRASION FOR POURING
RESISTANCE METAL INTO
MOULDS,ETC
• CERAMICS:
Ceramic are the inorganic non-metallic material usually made of clay.
It can be processed and used at high temperature. They include silicates, metallic
oxides, and their combinations.
Ceramics can be grouped into three broad division- according to their common
characteristics features into-
1. Clay products
2. Refractories and
3. Glasses
Clay products can be subdivided into three main types.
1. The structural clay product, all of which contains iron oxides. They are used for
bricks, tiles and similar products.
2. The white wares, which are polar substances such as porcelain
3. Chemical stonewares
• General properties of ceramics:
Chemical and physical properties:
1. The high chemical stability of ceramics is due to the presence of the components
in is such as oxides, carbides etc.
2. Oxides ceramics are highly resistant to oxidizingandreducing
atmosphere and change in temperature.
3. The stability of ceramics depends upon the compactness of crystal structure, high
directional character of chemical bonding and field strength of small cations of
high charge.
Mechanical properties:
1. Ceramics are brittle solids. These are very resistant to compression.
2. The strength of ceramics mainly depends upon temperature, its size and shape,
surface condition, and micro conditions.
Electrical properties:
1. The oxide ceramics are generally bad conductors or insulators in their normal
oxidation state. Non oxides ceramics acts as semiconductors.
• Uses of Ceramics
1. Construction:Bricks, tiles, cement, glass, and sanitary ware.
2. Electronics:Capacitors, resistors, insulators, and piezoelectric devices.
3. Medical Applications:Dental implants, bone replacements, and surgical tools.
4. Aerospace and Automotive:Thermal barriers, turbine blades, and spark plugs.
, 5. Industrial Applications:Cutting tools, grinding wheels, and chemical reactors.
6. Energy:Solar panels, fuel cells, and nuclear applications.
• Types of Ceramic Material
SR. CERAMIC PROPERTIES APPLICATIONS
NO. MATERIALS
1 CARBORUNDUM, HARDNESS & GRINDING &
BORON NITRIDE RESISTANCE TO CUTTING WHEEL
WEAR
2 CEMENT, BRICK MUCH HIGHER CEMENTS &
COMPRESSIVE BRICKS ARE
STRENGTH THAN PREFERABLY USED
TENSILE STRENGTH IN COMPRESSION
THAN IN TENSION
3 BARIUM PIEZOELECTRIC GRAMOPHONE
TITANATE & PROPERTY(PROPERTY PICK-UPS,
MODIFIED LEAD OF TRANSFORMING ROUGHNESS
ZIRCONATE MECHANICAL METERS
TITANATE DEFORMATIONS INTO
VOLTAGE CHANGES
& VICE VERSA)
4 MAGNESIA, VERY GOOD CRUCIBLE &
ZIRCONIA, CHEMICAL FURNACE LININGS
PORCELAIN, RESISTANCE EVEN AT
ALUMINA, ETC VERY HIGH TEMP.
5 GLAZED EXCELLENT CHEMICAL
PORCELAIN CHEMICAL VESSELS
RESISTANCE
6 GLASSES REFRACTIVE INDEX MANUFACTURE OF
EASILY VARIABLE LENSES
7 FERRITES HIGH RESISTIVITY & ELECTRONIC
MAGNETIC APPLICATIONS
PROPERTIES
8 REFRACTORIES EXCELLENT FURNACE WALLS &
CHEMICAL, HEAT & ROOFS, LADLES
ABRASION FOR POURING
RESISTANCE METAL INTO
MOULDS,ETC
