1
ORAL SUREGRY REVISION ACTUAL EXAM NEWSET VERSION -
2025/2026- QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS (100%
SUCCEESS)
What are the clinical features of cellulitis?
painful, diffuse and brawny swelling
overlying skin is red, tense and shiny
usually associated with trismus, cervical lymphadenopathy, malaise and pyrexia
swelling is a result of oedema rather than pus
What is ludwig's angina?
this is cellulitis involving the tissue spaces on both sides of the floor of the mouth
it involves the sublingual, submandibular and submental facial spaces
the infection is rapidly progressing
What is an abscess?
a pathological cavity filled with pus and lined by pyogenic membrane
What is the management of an acute alveolar abscess?
establish drainage of pus
this can be done by RCT
, 2
alternative to this is XLA to gain adequate drainage
What is cellulitis?
it is a spreading infection of connective tissue typical of streptococcal organisms
also known as phlegmon
it spreads through the tissue spaces between the facial muscles and usually
results from virulent and invasive organisms
What is the most common aetiology of ludwig's angina?
dental infection in the lower molars, mainly the second and third which accounts
for over 90% of the cases
What are the predisposing factors of ludwig's angina?
diabetes
oral malignancy
dental caries
alcoholism
malnutrition
immunocompromised status
What is cavernous sinus thrombosis?
, 3
this is when a blood clot forms in the cavernous sinus and this develops when an
infection in the face or skull spreads into the cavernous sinus
What can happen in cavernous sinus thrombosis?
the blood clot develops to prevent infection from spreading further but then it
can restrict the blood flow from the brain, which can damage the brain, eyes and
nerves running between them
What are symptoms of cavernous sinus thrombosis?
sharp and severe headaches, particularly around the eyes
swelling and bulging of the eyes and the surrounding tissues
eye pain that is often severe
double vision
high temperature
What is the treatment for cavernous sinus thrombosis?
antibiotics
anticoagulants - usually heparin
corticosteroids to reduce the swelling
surgical drainage
, 4
What is osteomyelitis?
inflammation of the medullary cavity of a bone caused by infection
it is quite rare but seen particularly in pts who are immunocompromised due to
local or systemic factors
What are the clinical features of acute osteomyelitis?
pain
tenderness
swelling in the affected area
symptoms are usually the same as on an acute dental infection
the mandible is more frequently affected than the maxilla
where the body or the lower ramus of the mandible is affected an important
symptom is numbness over the chin as a result of inferior alveolar nerve
involvement
What are the radiological features of acute osteomyelitis?
this does not usually present on a radiograph before 10 days
the earliest sign is rarefying osteitis
it can extend through a large area of bone, involving inferior dental canal and
lower cortex of the mandible
bone scintigraphy or MRI is more sensitive to early changes in the medullary
cavity
ORAL SUREGRY REVISION ACTUAL EXAM NEWSET VERSION -
2025/2026- QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS (100%
SUCCEESS)
What are the clinical features of cellulitis?
painful, diffuse and brawny swelling
overlying skin is red, tense and shiny
usually associated with trismus, cervical lymphadenopathy, malaise and pyrexia
swelling is a result of oedema rather than pus
What is ludwig's angina?
this is cellulitis involving the tissue spaces on both sides of the floor of the mouth
it involves the sublingual, submandibular and submental facial spaces
the infection is rapidly progressing
What is an abscess?
a pathological cavity filled with pus and lined by pyogenic membrane
What is the management of an acute alveolar abscess?
establish drainage of pus
this can be done by RCT
, 2
alternative to this is XLA to gain adequate drainage
What is cellulitis?
it is a spreading infection of connective tissue typical of streptococcal organisms
also known as phlegmon
it spreads through the tissue spaces between the facial muscles and usually
results from virulent and invasive organisms
What is the most common aetiology of ludwig's angina?
dental infection in the lower molars, mainly the second and third which accounts
for over 90% of the cases
What are the predisposing factors of ludwig's angina?
diabetes
oral malignancy
dental caries
alcoholism
malnutrition
immunocompromised status
What is cavernous sinus thrombosis?
, 3
this is when a blood clot forms in the cavernous sinus and this develops when an
infection in the face or skull spreads into the cavernous sinus
What can happen in cavernous sinus thrombosis?
the blood clot develops to prevent infection from spreading further but then it
can restrict the blood flow from the brain, which can damage the brain, eyes and
nerves running between them
What are symptoms of cavernous sinus thrombosis?
sharp and severe headaches, particularly around the eyes
swelling and bulging of the eyes and the surrounding tissues
eye pain that is often severe
double vision
high temperature
What is the treatment for cavernous sinus thrombosis?
antibiotics
anticoagulants - usually heparin
corticosteroids to reduce the swelling
surgical drainage
, 4
What is osteomyelitis?
inflammation of the medullary cavity of a bone caused by infection
it is quite rare but seen particularly in pts who are immunocompromised due to
local or systemic factors
What are the clinical features of acute osteomyelitis?
pain
tenderness
swelling in the affected area
symptoms are usually the same as on an acute dental infection
the mandible is more frequently affected than the maxilla
where the body or the lower ramus of the mandible is affected an important
symptom is numbness over the chin as a result of inferior alveolar nerve
involvement
What are the radiological features of acute osteomyelitis?
this does not usually present on a radiograph before 10 days
the earliest sign is rarefying osteitis
it can extend through a large area of bone, involving inferior dental canal and
lower cortex of the mandible
bone scintigraphy or MRI is more sensitive to early changes in the medullary
cavity
